oleh: Adlan Abd. Aziz
Bagi sesiapa yang mempelajari ilmu dan perbincangan berkaitan hadith, pasti akan melalui satu topik yang cukup luas iaitu bagaimana ulama hadith silam begitu kreatif dan gigih memelihara setiap hadith yang ditemui. Di antara bentuk pemeliharaan ini ialah hafazan dan penggunaan memori yang amat maksimum dalam kalangan mereka. Ini mungkin sudah pun diketahui tetapi mungkin tidak diyakini oleh sebahagian pembaca secara 100% dan berfakta. Sebahagian hanya tahu mengiklankan kehebatan imam-imam hadith silam seperti al-Bukhari dan lain-lain, tetapi tidak tahu memperihalkan di manakah dan bagaimanakah 'kehebatan' itu. Sebahagian pula tidak menganggap ilmuan silam hebat, tetapi lebih mengkagumi ilmuan moden kerana adanya 'teknologi' dan pelbagai kemodenan dalam aspek pembelajaran dan pengajian.
Benarkah kehebatan dalam kemahiran penggunaan otak yang melahirkan hafazan yang mantap bergantung pada teknologi canggih, atau sebenarnya ia bergantung pada sistem itu sendiri? Adakah makanan tertentu mempengaruhi hafazan dan pemikiran? Adakah tertelan semut atau termakan kepala ikan boleh mengganggu sistem memori anda? Teruskan membaca.
Dunia hari ini juga menyaksikan pakar-pakar dalam teori penggunaan otak, pemantapan memori dan ingatan sehingga lahirlah pelbagai teknik dan sistem seperti yang kita lihat pada hari ini. Di antara tokoh masa kini yang terkenal dalam bahagian ini terutamanya dengan kaedah 'mind mapping' ialah Tony Buzan. Untuk maklumat ringkas tentang beliau di wikipedia, klik di sini
Setelah berkesempatan untuk melihat sebahagian fakta-fakta penting berkaitan penggunaan memori dan sistem hafazan para ulama hadith silam, saya juga sempat membaca karya-karya Tony Buzan dan saya akui amat kagum dan terlalu banyak input positif yang dapat saya ambil dari tulisan beliau.
Sepanjang saya meneliti beberapa tulisan Tony Buzan dan kaedah serta teori beliau, saya sering membuat perbandingan (dalam pemikiran saya) dengan apa yang saya temui hasil daripada khazanah ulama hadith silam dalam aspek yang sama iaitu bagaimana memaksimumkan penggunaan otak dan sistem hafazan yang paling berkesan.
Dalam membuat perbandingan tentang segala yang ditulis oleh Buzan dengan segala yang telah dicapai dan direkodkan berkaitan salah seorang imam hadith terkemuka iaitu - Imam al-Bukhari (wafat 256H), saya mencatatkan beberapa perkara seperti berikut:
1-Konsep asas penggunaan otak dan sistem pemantapan memori antara al-Bukhari dan Buzan sememangnya sama dan ia bertitik tolak dari kemahiran memaksimumkan kemampuan otak manusia normal.
2-Dalam erti kata lain, tidak ada keajaiban dalam kehebatan al-Bukhari. Begitu juga tidak ada keajaiban dalam kemampuan Buzan. Apa yang ada dalam keduanya (sekadar pemerhatian saya yang tidak seberapa ini) ialah - Kesungguhan, Minat, Susunan yang sistematik dan pengulangan yang bijak.
3- Bukanlah saya hendak menyamakan antara keduanya kerana sememangnya tidak layak untuk kita samakan sesiapa sahaja yang kuat hafazannya dengan Imam al-Bukhari yang bukan sahaja hebat dari segi hafazan, malah hebat dari segi akhlak dan ketaqwaan.
4- Tetapi umat Islam seharusnya menumpukan kepada sistem dan kaedah yang telah digunapakai oleh ilmuan agung kita dalam menjadi tokoh dalam sesuatu bidang ilmu seperti ilmu hadith yang sedang kita bicarakan.
5- Manusia muslim tidak seharusnya menjadi dua jenis manusia:
Pertama - mengkagumi kehebatan kaedah-kaedah dan sistem yang diperkenalkan oleh tokoh barat sehingga merasakan merekalah sumber keagungan ilmu.
Kedua - mengkagumi kehebatan tokoh Islam tetapi tidak pernah tahu apa dan bagaimanakah sistem dan kaedah yang digunakan oleh mereka.
6- Seharusnya kita cuba (sedaya upaya) untuk mencari kehebatan tokoh ilmuan Islam dan sistem serta kaedah mereka yang telah benar-benar TERBUKTI dalam sejarah kegemilangan Islam. Sekurang-kurangnya kita mendapat 2 manfaat dan faedah:
Satu - Memahami mengapa agung dan hebatnya ilmuan Islam dengan fakta dan bukti. Akhirnya kita akan menghormati mereka dan hasil kajian mereka serta tidak menolak mentah-mentah apa yang mereka kemukakan kononnya di atas dasar kajian moden. Kajian bukanlah pada moden atau lama, tapi kajian pada sistem dan cara yang terbukti berkesan.
Dua - Sentiasa mampu mengetengahkan kehebatan ilmuan Islam dan membandingkannya dengan kehebatan ilmuan bukan Islam agar dapat ditemui titik pertemuan dan perbezaan.
wallahu a;lam
Monday, February 14, 2011
Sunday, February 06, 2011
Sincere Friendship Is A Need
by: Adlan Abd. Aziz
When the prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h. migrated from Mecca to Medina along with his companions, the Muhajirin, they were greeted by his new companions in Medina, the Ansar. Not just a mere official greeting, but a sincere one. An unbelievable kind of reception and kindness.A true unbelievable friendship the world have ever seen.
Can we achieve that kind of sincerity in our friendship? Let's read the verses below together, hoping that you'll feel what i feel....
Al-Quran
Surah al-Hasyr
Verse 8 and 9
Translation : Abdullah Yusuf Ali
(And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking Bounties from Allâh and to please Him. and helping Allâh (i.e. helping His religion) and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW). Such are indeed the truthful (to what they say). (8) And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given (from the booty of Banu An-Nadîr), and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, such are they who will be the successful
That is what we need in our life. Not a fake, hypocrite friends that only know you but hardly know your feelings, smile at you but hardly make you smile...always beg for your help, but never there when you need them the most...
Rasulullah s.a.w. - our beloved prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h - also told us about the meaning of a true friendship:
"None of you will have faith till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
I pray that you and me will try our best to develop this true friendship in our life..and believe me...you'll be happy, insya Allah...
When the prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h. migrated from Mecca to Medina along with his companions, the Muhajirin, they were greeted by his new companions in Medina, the Ansar. Not just a mere official greeting, but a sincere one. An unbelievable kind of reception and kindness.A true unbelievable friendship the world have ever seen.
Can we achieve that kind of sincerity in our friendship? Let's read the verses below together, hoping that you'll feel what i feel....
Al-Quran
Surah al-Hasyr
Verse 8 and 9
Translation : Abdullah Yusuf Ali
(And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking Bounties from Allâh and to please Him. and helping Allâh (i.e. helping His religion) and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW). Such are indeed the truthful (to what they say). (8) And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given (from the booty of Banu An-Nadîr), and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, such are they who will be the successful
That is what we need in our life. Not a fake, hypocrite friends that only know you but hardly know your feelings, smile at you but hardly make you smile...always beg for your help, but never there when you need them the most...
Rasulullah s.a.w. - our beloved prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h - also told us about the meaning of a true friendship:
"None of you will have faith till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
I pray that you and me will try our best to develop this true friendship in our life..and believe me...you'll be happy, insya Allah...
Tuesday, February 01, 2011
Allah is the Opener of the way
BY - DR. SALMAN AL-OADAH - islamtoday.com
Allah says: “Say: Our Lord will gather us together, then He will lay open His judgment between us in truth; and He is the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing.” [Sūrah Saba`: 26]
He also says: “Our Lord! Lay open Your true judgment between us and our people; as You are the best to lay open all affairs.” [Sūrah al-A`rāf: 89]
These two verses establish that Allah is the Opener. He is the one who lays open all matters in truth and justice, and He does so in innumerable ways.
The Remover of Hardships
Allah relieves our sorrows. He shows us the way out of our difficulties and distresses. He removes our afflictions and covers us with His mercy. He opens up the gates of His bounty. This is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) taught us to say when we enter the mosque: “O Allah! Open to me the gates of Your mercy.” [Sahīh Muslim (713)]
This supplication is most appropriate for entering the mosque. It reminds us that mosques are the places where we worship the one who can show us mercy, and we are there to bow and prostrate before Him in humility.
It is Allah’s mercy that He does not prolong the times of sorrow and hardship in our lives.
Whenever the future looks bleak in the face of seemingly never-ending hardships, we should know that Allah will provide a way out for us. Relief may seem far off, but the night is at its darkest in the last hours before dawn. When we are stricken with sorrows, we must remember that Allah is “the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing”, and that He is “the best to lay open all affairs.” We should call out to Him by His name al-Fattāh, since a believer never despairs and never loses hope in Allah.
The Giver of Religious Knowledge
Allah opens up for His devotees the gates of knowledge and wisdom. He blesses them with insight and religious understanding. This is why we see that scholars differ in their knowledge and proficiency. The Prophet (peace be upon him) informed us that Mu`ādh b. Jabal will be brought forth on the Day of Resurrection leading the religious scholars and far ahead of them. [Musnad Ahmad (108)]
Allah opens up to us the path of knowledge. Take the Qur’an for example. Pause on each of its verses. Consider the various meanings, nuances, and aspects of rhetorical beauty each verse contains. Then turn to the books of commentary. You will find great differences between the scholars in the variety of insights they have, as well as in the meanings they are able to derive from the verses. This is Allah’s grace that He bestows on whom He pleases. Allah is the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing who opens up the treasures of knowledge and understanding to whom He chooses from among His devotees.
The Discloser of All Affairs in the Hereafter
Allah will judge between all of His creatures in truth on the Day of Judgment. No matter how elusive the question of justice might have been on Earth, Allah will bring it to the surface in the Hereafter. Allah will open the way for the oppressed to finally find redress from their oppressors: “Our Lord! Lay open Your true judgment between us and our people; as You are the best to lay open all affairs.” [Sūrah al-A`rāf: 89]
O Allah! Open to your creatures the ways and means to success. Relieve them their sorrows and illuminate their path. Forgive them their sins and open to them the gates of your bounty and mercy, as You are the best to lay open all affairs.
Allah says: “Say: Our Lord will gather us together, then He will lay open His judgment between us in truth; and He is the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing.” [Sūrah Saba`: 26]
He also says: “Our Lord! Lay open Your true judgment between us and our people; as You are the best to lay open all affairs.” [Sūrah al-A`rāf: 89]
These two verses establish that Allah is the Opener. He is the one who lays open all matters in truth and justice, and He does so in innumerable ways.
The Remover of Hardships
Allah relieves our sorrows. He shows us the way out of our difficulties and distresses. He removes our afflictions and covers us with His mercy. He opens up the gates of His bounty. This is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) taught us to say when we enter the mosque: “O Allah! Open to me the gates of Your mercy.” [Sahīh Muslim (713)]
This supplication is most appropriate for entering the mosque. It reminds us that mosques are the places where we worship the one who can show us mercy, and we are there to bow and prostrate before Him in humility.
It is Allah’s mercy that He does not prolong the times of sorrow and hardship in our lives.
Whenever the future looks bleak in the face of seemingly never-ending hardships, we should know that Allah will provide a way out for us. Relief may seem far off, but the night is at its darkest in the last hours before dawn. When we are stricken with sorrows, we must remember that Allah is “the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing”, and that He is “the best to lay open all affairs.” We should call out to Him by His name al-Fattāh, since a believer never despairs and never loses hope in Allah.
The Giver of Religious Knowledge
Allah opens up for His devotees the gates of knowledge and wisdom. He blesses them with insight and religious understanding. This is why we see that scholars differ in their knowledge and proficiency. The Prophet (peace be upon him) informed us that Mu`ādh b. Jabal will be brought forth on the Day of Resurrection leading the religious scholars and far ahead of them. [Musnad Ahmad (108)]
Allah opens up to us the path of knowledge. Take the Qur’an for example. Pause on each of its verses. Consider the various meanings, nuances, and aspects of rhetorical beauty each verse contains. Then turn to the books of commentary. You will find great differences between the scholars in the variety of insights they have, as well as in the meanings they are able to derive from the verses. This is Allah’s grace that He bestows on whom He pleases. Allah is the Opener of all affairs, the All-Knowing who opens up the treasures of knowledge and understanding to whom He chooses from among His devotees.
The Discloser of All Affairs in the Hereafter
Allah will judge between all of His creatures in truth on the Day of Judgment. No matter how elusive the question of justice might have been on Earth, Allah will bring it to the surface in the Hereafter. Allah will open the way for the oppressed to finally find redress from their oppressors: “Our Lord! Lay open Your true judgment between us and our people; as You are the best to lay open all affairs.” [Sūrah al-A`rāf: 89]
O Allah! Open to your creatures the ways and means to success. Relieve them their sorrows and illuminate their path. Forgive them their sins and open to them the gates of your bounty and mercy, as You are the best to lay open all affairs.
Saturday, January 29, 2011
Understanding Moderation
BY: DR. SALMAN AL-OADAH - ISLAMTODAY.COM
In order to discuss the topic of moderation effectively, it must be conceptualized in two ways: first as a principle that was brought by all the Messengers of Allah, and then as the optimal way of achieving a balance between the dictates of the mind and the needs of the soul.
Almost no one would dispute the idea that moderation should govern our thinking and our actions. The problem arises in how the principle of moderation can be put into practice. This is where we find many Muslims today disagreeing with each other.
When we look at Muslim history, especially Muslim intellectual history, we find that the problem of giving a practical expression to moderation was one of the greatest difficulties that Muslim intellectuals had to wrestle with. Their arguments were never about whether moderation should be accepted in principle. Instead, they argued about the proper conceptualization and practical application of this principle and how to define it both intellectually and within the framework of Islamic Law. Though everyone accepted it in principle, they argued ceaselessly about how moderation should be envisioned within an Islamic legal context.
It is quite easy to see how this disagreement affects the field of Islamic work today, because, in spite of a widespread theoretical acceptance of moderation, attempts at giving it a practical expression sometimes lead to conflicting goals and actions. This is not to say that all such conflicts are the result of preconceived conceptual differences in understanding moderation. Quite often, there are also social, personal, political, and economic factors at play.
In any case, it is possible for us to get an appropriate definition as well a good practical understanding of this universal principle of Islamic Law when we consider the following hadîth:
Abû Hurayrah relates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said "This religion is easy. No one becomes harsh and strict in the religion without it overwhelming him. So fulfill your duties as best you can and rejoice. Rely upon the efforts of the morning and the evening and a little at night and you will reach your goal."
[In Sahîh al-Bukharî, The Book of Faith, under the heading "Religion is Easy..."]
These words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) put moderation into its proper Islamic context. It may be appropriate to note that many of the conceptual frameworks upon which we build our understandings are affected by our existing circumstances and our personal vision, and these can often run contrary to or undermine the proper understanding provided by Islamic Law.
This problem can crop up with any generally accepted concept or principle. The difficulty always arises in how people understand it and contextualize it. The supporters of every point of view have their own definition of the principle in question and their own ideas of how it should be put into practice.
When it comes to understanding the accepted principles of Islamic Law, however, definitions must be drawn from established sources and not purely from the discretion of the individual. Otherwise, the definition might yield a practical model that justifies nothing but itself. This is how many of the people engaging in Islamic work end up not recognizing any way of doing things other than their own. Many of our accepted and established principles have begun to take forms that represent only one narrow vision and that are unable to cope with the many demands of Islamic work and propagation.
It is not necessary - nor for that matter possible - for us to develop a comprehensive vision that can cover every aspect of Islamic knowledge and Islamic work that our people need. What is necessary, however, and quite possible, is for us to present a general framework to the people, especially the people who are involved in Islamic work, one which comprises the correct, Islamic understanding of moderation.
No general understanding of moderation will ever enjoy the unanimous acceptance that the principle of moderation does in the abstract. This is because any understanding of moderation is going to be based upon human discretion, and nowhere does the soundness of a principle guarantee the soundness of human judgment in applying it.
Therefore, we should be able to differentiate between three levels of understanding:
This is the distinction that must be made between the specific means used to address one of the many problems facing us today and the general, indisputable principles from which those specific means are drawn. It is a big mistake when we fail to distinguish between the meanings conveyed by our general principles and those conveyed by people's specific, juristic decisions. Sometimes, these juristic stances are nothing more than contemporary applications of old, blindly-accepted notions to which many Muslims dogmatically adhere. However, these notions are often depicted as supreme Islamic values or at least in a way that makes them seem original.
We need to have a good grasp of the problem we are trying to solve and get to its root, because we will never learn how to solve a problem unless we first understand it.
Therefore, we must look closely at the hadîth we mentioned earlier, wherein the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "This religion is easy." Ease is moderation. So our religion is moderate and we as a nation of people are moderate. Allah says: "Thus We have made you a moderate nation". [Sûrah al-Baqarah: 143]
In this hadîth, the Prophet (peace be upon him) outlines the defining qualities of moderation:
1. He says: "So fulfill your duties…" The Arabic word used is "saddadû" which literally means to aim to hit something on target, like how an arrow hits its mark. This tells us that moderation never entails going outside of Islamic Law. The rulings of Islamic Law must be derived from the Qur'ân and Sunnah. The idea of ease and moderation in no way implies a relaxation of Islamic Law, nor does it imply that a person can follow his own inclinations in either his religion or his general dealings. Therefore, if we lose sight of Islamic Law and its rulings, an important quality of moderation will invariably be lost.
2. Then he says: "…as best you can…" After providing the first quality of moderation, he complements it with this so that those who are ill acquainted with the wisdom and purposes behind Islamic Law do not become insistent upon following a limited, personal vision in applying its rulings to themselves and others.
A person will not be able to fulfill his duties properly unless he realizes that he has limitations of mind and character that keep him from measuring up to those duties, no matter how clear and simple they may seem. Allah created Adam a creature with little self control. The human being cannot do anything perfectly without divine intervention, so this is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "…as best you can", to indicate that perfection is not what is expected.
We can go as far as to say that demanding perfection from people runs contrary to the principle of moderation that we are discussing. When we consider that this refers to the established principles and rulings of Islamic Law, then how much less should we expect perfection when it comes to the juristic decisions made by human beings?
A poet writes:
When perfection is reached, it has to diminish,
So once something's called perfect, know it will perish.
The principle of moderation requires us to recognize that perfection cannot be maintained or even achieved.
3. Then he says: "…and rejoice." He does this after defining moderation with the idea of fulfilling one's duties to the best of one's ability, which defines moderation in an abstract, academic sense. Then we are told to rejoice. Here he is giving us glad tidings from Allah for our efforts. This helps us to move beyond the predicament of personal loyalties that can affect our works. Our religion and our deeds should never be turned into an expression of partisanship for this group or that.
The more the work that we and our brothers do in our various organizations and groups conforms to the Qur'ân and Sunnah and the more it is focused on calling to the faith, the more assured we can be that the true concerns of our religion will triumph over partisanship. Since working for the religion is a way of fulfilling our duty to Allah and of obeying His Messenger, we can see the importance of the glad tidings being referred to in the hadîth. Most of the problems and difficulties that exist between people are the result of partisanship and biases rather than on matters that are necessitated by Islamic Law. This is why sincerity to Allah in our actions has to be one of the principles of moderation.
This does not imply that all interpersonal loyalties should be abolished. That would be senseless. What it does mean is that our Islamic organizations and groups should not be turned into ideological rallying points to which we return for answers when we are faced with any issue of concern. Islamic Law must transcend our personal or partisan agendas when it comes to understanding and approaching the issues and problems that we face.
4. Finally, he says: "Rely upon the efforts of the morning and the evening and a little at night and you will reach your goal." This shows us that one of the principles of moderation is to consider what is possible and to stay within those limits. This goes for an individual as well as for the environment in which he works. It also means that everyone should work within his own capacity and avoid being obstinate when dealing with others.
The principle of doing what is within one's capabilities has both conceptual and practical dimensions. It means that we keep up our Islamic work while recognizing both the need for what we are doing and the limitations of our abilities. This gives us a good opportunity to embrace a large number of Islamic efforts of various types. We must never distance ourselves from others and their efforts unless they truly go against the established and indisputable principles and teachings of Islam. We should never do so on the basis of mere opinions and assumptions.
One of our problems is that the understanding of moderation that many people have does not comprise all four of these defining qualities. Some people overlook the need to adhere to Islamic Law in formulating their concept of moderation and come up with ideas that are ambiguous and ill-defined.
Others do just the opposite and go overboard in demanding perfection, though Allah demands from us only what is within our abilities, and that is with respect to the Law. Even less is expected of us in matters of juristic discretion. Today, however, many Muslims shun those who do not measure up to their opinions and views, and they are even more abhorrent to those who actually disagree with them. It is regretful that they shun each other on the pretense of defending established Islamic principles, like moderation, or following the Qur'ân and Sunnah, or adhering to the ways of the pious predecessors. When they do this, they fail to make a distinction between the principles themselves and their own understanding of them. Therefore, they accuse each other of violating the principles of Islam without realizing that their disagreement has little to do with these principles, but more to do with their own interpretations.
The fact that many Islamic workers fail to understand the concept of moderation correctly is the reason why there is an inexcusable amount of confusion and contradictions to be found within the field of Islamic work today. We must praise Allah that, in spite of this problem, there is still a lot of good being effected by our Islamic workers and there is still a lot of moderation and a lot that is praiseworthy.
We should not get the notion into our heads that we can solve the problem of immoderation by doing away with all the different groups engaged in Islamic work today. Not only is this impossible, I see it as quite unnecessary. What we should do is make this large number of groups work to our advantage. These groups can bring about more complete results by compensating for each other's weaknesses. Moderation does not mean that we must discard plurality. What it does mean is to accept these groups and guide them. This may be a difficult concept for many people to understand, but if you look carefully enough into the principles and general precepts of Islamic Law, you would find that it is in conformity with the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the ways of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. This is an understanding that has the unique ability to include within it the entire Muslim nation.
Allah has praised those who upon hearing someone's words, take what is best from them. In some matters, what is best can depend on time, place, or circumstances. It can even vary from person to person. Allah has given humanity the free will to make choices. Though we accept that there is only one truth in any dispute - which is the opinion of the majority of the scholars of jurisprudence - determining who is on the truth is often a matter of personal judgment. What counts are the principles and evidence of Islam, not how much we are partial to a given side or how comfortable a certain view makes us feel.
We ask Allah to guide us to His straight way. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of All the Worlds.
In order to discuss the topic of moderation effectively, it must be conceptualized in two ways: first as a principle that was brought by all the Messengers of Allah, and then as the optimal way of achieving a balance between the dictates of the mind and the needs of the soul.
Almost no one would dispute the idea that moderation should govern our thinking and our actions. The problem arises in how the principle of moderation can be put into practice. This is where we find many Muslims today disagreeing with each other.
When we look at Muslim history, especially Muslim intellectual history, we find that the problem of giving a practical expression to moderation was one of the greatest difficulties that Muslim intellectuals had to wrestle with. Their arguments were never about whether moderation should be accepted in principle. Instead, they argued about the proper conceptualization and practical application of this principle and how to define it both intellectually and within the framework of Islamic Law. Though everyone accepted it in principle, they argued ceaselessly about how moderation should be envisioned within an Islamic legal context.
It is quite easy to see how this disagreement affects the field of Islamic work today, because, in spite of a widespread theoretical acceptance of moderation, attempts at giving it a practical expression sometimes lead to conflicting goals and actions. This is not to say that all such conflicts are the result of preconceived conceptual differences in understanding moderation. Quite often, there are also social, personal, political, and economic factors at play.
In any case, it is possible for us to get an appropriate definition as well a good practical understanding of this universal principle of Islamic Law when we consider the following hadîth:
Abû Hurayrah relates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said "This religion is easy. No one becomes harsh and strict in the religion without it overwhelming him. So fulfill your duties as best you can and rejoice. Rely upon the efforts of the morning and the evening and a little at night and you will reach your goal."
[In Sahîh al-Bukharî, The Book of Faith, under the heading "Religion is Easy..."]
These words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) put moderation into its proper Islamic context. It may be appropriate to note that many of the conceptual frameworks upon which we build our understandings are affected by our existing circumstances and our personal vision, and these can often run contrary to or undermine the proper understanding provided by Islamic Law.
This problem can crop up with any generally accepted concept or principle. The difficulty always arises in how people understand it and contextualize it. The supporters of every point of view have their own definition of the principle in question and their own ideas of how it should be put into practice.
When it comes to understanding the accepted principles of Islamic Law, however, definitions must be drawn from established sources and not purely from the discretion of the individual. Otherwise, the definition might yield a practical model that justifies nothing but itself. This is how many of the people engaging in Islamic work end up not recognizing any way of doing things other than their own. Many of our accepted and established principles have begun to take forms that represent only one narrow vision and that are unable to cope with the many demands of Islamic work and propagation.
It is not necessary - nor for that matter possible - for us to develop a comprehensive vision that can cover every aspect of Islamic knowledge and Islamic work that our people need. What is necessary, however, and quite possible, is for us to present a general framework to the people, especially the people who are involved in Islamic work, one which comprises the correct, Islamic understanding of moderation.
No general understanding of moderation will ever enjoy the unanimous acceptance that the principle of moderation does in the abstract. This is because any understanding of moderation is going to be based upon human discretion, and nowhere does the soundness of a principle guarantee the soundness of human judgment in applying it.
Therefore, we should be able to differentiate between three levels of understanding:
This last level does not bring to the one who reaches it the same absolute conviction that the first two bring. The juristic opinions held by a group of people do not enjoy the sanctity and absolute certainty of principles of faith. The best that can ever be said about such opinions is that they are probably true with the possibility of their being wrong.1. Acceptance of a principle and recognition that it is an intrinsic part of the faith.
2. Understanding the precepts of Islamic Law that are based upon that principle.
3. Understanding based on juristic discretion of how to apply the principle in a given circumstance.
This is the distinction that must be made between the specific means used to address one of the many problems facing us today and the general, indisputable principles from which those specific means are drawn. It is a big mistake when we fail to distinguish between the meanings conveyed by our general principles and those conveyed by people's specific, juristic decisions. Sometimes, these juristic stances are nothing more than contemporary applications of old, blindly-accepted notions to which many Muslims dogmatically adhere. However, these notions are often depicted as supreme Islamic values or at least in a way that makes them seem original.
We need to have a good grasp of the problem we are trying to solve and get to its root, because we will never learn how to solve a problem unless we first understand it.
Therefore, we must look closely at the hadîth we mentioned earlier, wherein the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "This religion is easy." Ease is moderation. So our religion is moderate and we as a nation of people are moderate. Allah says: "Thus We have made you a moderate nation". [Sûrah al-Baqarah: 143]
In this hadîth, the Prophet (peace be upon him) outlines the defining qualities of moderation:
1. He says: "So fulfill your duties…" The Arabic word used is "saddadû" which literally means to aim to hit something on target, like how an arrow hits its mark. This tells us that moderation never entails going outside of Islamic Law. The rulings of Islamic Law must be derived from the Qur'ân and Sunnah. The idea of ease and moderation in no way implies a relaxation of Islamic Law, nor does it imply that a person can follow his own inclinations in either his religion or his general dealings. Therefore, if we lose sight of Islamic Law and its rulings, an important quality of moderation will invariably be lost.
2. Then he says: "…as best you can…" After providing the first quality of moderation, he complements it with this so that those who are ill acquainted with the wisdom and purposes behind Islamic Law do not become insistent upon following a limited, personal vision in applying its rulings to themselves and others.
A person will not be able to fulfill his duties properly unless he realizes that he has limitations of mind and character that keep him from measuring up to those duties, no matter how clear and simple they may seem. Allah created Adam a creature with little self control. The human being cannot do anything perfectly without divine intervention, so this is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "…as best you can", to indicate that perfection is not what is expected.
We can go as far as to say that demanding perfection from people runs contrary to the principle of moderation that we are discussing. When we consider that this refers to the established principles and rulings of Islamic Law, then how much less should we expect perfection when it comes to the juristic decisions made by human beings?
A poet writes:
When perfection is reached, it has to diminish,
So once something's called perfect, know it will perish.
The principle of moderation requires us to recognize that perfection cannot be maintained or even achieved.
3. Then he says: "…and rejoice." He does this after defining moderation with the idea of fulfilling one's duties to the best of one's ability, which defines moderation in an abstract, academic sense. Then we are told to rejoice. Here he is giving us glad tidings from Allah for our efforts. This helps us to move beyond the predicament of personal loyalties that can affect our works. Our religion and our deeds should never be turned into an expression of partisanship for this group or that.
The more the work that we and our brothers do in our various organizations and groups conforms to the Qur'ân and Sunnah and the more it is focused on calling to the faith, the more assured we can be that the true concerns of our religion will triumph over partisanship. Since working for the religion is a way of fulfilling our duty to Allah and of obeying His Messenger, we can see the importance of the glad tidings being referred to in the hadîth. Most of the problems and difficulties that exist between people are the result of partisanship and biases rather than on matters that are necessitated by Islamic Law. This is why sincerity to Allah in our actions has to be one of the principles of moderation.
This does not imply that all interpersonal loyalties should be abolished. That would be senseless. What it does mean is that our Islamic organizations and groups should not be turned into ideological rallying points to which we return for answers when we are faced with any issue of concern. Islamic Law must transcend our personal or partisan agendas when it comes to understanding and approaching the issues and problems that we face.
4. Finally, he says: "Rely upon the efforts of the morning and the evening and a little at night and you will reach your goal." This shows us that one of the principles of moderation is to consider what is possible and to stay within those limits. This goes for an individual as well as for the environment in which he works. It also means that everyone should work within his own capacity and avoid being obstinate when dealing with others.
The principle of doing what is within one's capabilities has both conceptual and practical dimensions. It means that we keep up our Islamic work while recognizing both the need for what we are doing and the limitations of our abilities. This gives us a good opportunity to embrace a large number of Islamic efforts of various types. We must never distance ourselves from others and their efforts unless they truly go against the established and indisputable principles and teachings of Islam. We should never do so on the basis of mere opinions and assumptions.
One of our problems is that the understanding of moderation that many people have does not comprise all four of these defining qualities. Some people overlook the need to adhere to Islamic Law in formulating their concept of moderation and come up with ideas that are ambiguous and ill-defined.
Others do just the opposite and go overboard in demanding perfection, though Allah demands from us only what is within our abilities, and that is with respect to the Law. Even less is expected of us in matters of juristic discretion. Today, however, many Muslims shun those who do not measure up to their opinions and views, and they are even more abhorrent to those who actually disagree with them. It is regretful that they shun each other on the pretense of defending established Islamic principles, like moderation, or following the Qur'ân and Sunnah, or adhering to the ways of the pious predecessors. When they do this, they fail to make a distinction between the principles themselves and their own understanding of them. Therefore, they accuse each other of violating the principles of Islam without realizing that their disagreement has little to do with these principles, but more to do with their own interpretations.
The fact that many Islamic workers fail to understand the concept of moderation correctly is the reason why there is an inexcusable amount of confusion and contradictions to be found within the field of Islamic work today. We must praise Allah that, in spite of this problem, there is still a lot of good being effected by our Islamic workers and there is still a lot of moderation and a lot that is praiseworthy.
We should not get the notion into our heads that we can solve the problem of immoderation by doing away with all the different groups engaged in Islamic work today. Not only is this impossible, I see it as quite unnecessary. What we should do is make this large number of groups work to our advantage. These groups can bring about more complete results by compensating for each other's weaknesses. Moderation does not mean that we must discard plurality. What it does mean is to accept these groups and guide them. This may be a difficult concept for many people to understand, but if you look carefully enough into the principles and general precepts of Islamic Law, you would find that it is in conformity with the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the ways of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. This is an understanding that has the unique ability to include within it the entire Muslim nation.
Allah has praised those who upon hearing someone's words, take what is best from them. In some matters, what is best can depend on time, place, or circumstances. It can even vary from person to person. Allah has given humanity the free will to make choices. Though we accept that there is only one truth in any dispute - which is the opinion of the majority of the scholars of jurisprudence - determining who is on the truth is often a matter of personal judgment. What counts are the principles and evidence of Islam, not how much we are partial to a given side or how comfortable a certain view makes us feel.
We ask Allah to guide us to His straight way. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of All the Worlds.
Sunday, January 09, 2011
Kesungguhan Ulama Hadith Silam - Merantau Demi Ilmu
Bagi yang pernah membaca biodata dan kisah hidup para ulama hadith silam (seperti Imam al-Bukhari, Imam Ahmad dan lain-lain) pasti akan dapat melihat dengan jelas bagaimana para ulama hadith pada zaman itu dan sebelumnya malah selepasnya - begitu hebat dalam pengembaraan mencari ilmu.
Melihat kepada jarak, tempoh masa bertahun-tahun, kesusahan, kepayahan, harta dan tenaga yang mereka habiskan - kita hanya mampu menggelengkan kepala seakan tidak percaya bagaimana mereka mampu mengharunginya?
Terdapat pelbagai ungkapan dan kata-kata indah para ulama hadith dalam menggambarkan kehebatan pengembaraan menuntut dan mempelajari hadith, namun ada dua ungkapan yang sentiasa terngiang di minda saya sejak saya pertama kali membacanya bertahun yang lalu, iaitu kata-kata dua orang muhaddith terkemuka -
Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab (wafat 94H) dan Makhul al-Dimasyqi (wafat 112H)
1- Sa'id pernah menuturkan:
"Aku pernah merantau beberapa hari dan beberapa malam untuk mencari SATU hadith".
2- Makhul pula pernah berkata:
"Aku telah tawaf mengelilingi DUNIA untuk menuntut ilmu."
[Rujukan: Al-Rihlah Fi Talabi al-Hadith - al-Khatib al-Baghdadi]
*Hayatilah kesungguhan Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab sehingga beliau mengambil masa beberapa hari hanya untuk mencari SATU hadith! Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab merupakan ulama yang menghafaz dan menulis beratus ribu hadith, bayangkan tempoh masa dan kepayahan serta kesabaran beliau mencari hadith sehingga terkadang SATU hadith boleh memakan masa berhari-hari lamanya!
*Perhatikan dan renungkan perkataan 'DUNIA' yang diungkapkan oleh Makhul. Seakan kita merasai bagaimana Makhul bukannya bergurau, tetapi beliau sebenarnya tidak menemui perkataan yang paling sesuai untuk menggambarkan begitu luasnya dan jauhnya pengembaraan beliau melainkan hanya satu kalimah, hanya satu perkataan - DUNIA....seluas dunia!
- Berdoa dan berharaplah serta berusahalah untuk mencapai walau secebis kesabaran, kesungguhan dan kekuatan ulama hadith silam seumpama Makhul dan Sa'id.....pasti ia akan mengubah hidup kita selama-lamanya!!
Melihat kepada jarak, tempoh masa bertahun-tahun, kesusahan, kepayahan, harta dan tenaga yang mereka habiskan - kita hanya mampu menggelengkan kepala seakan tidak percaya bagaimana mereka mampu mengharunginya?
Terdapat pelbagai ungkapan dan kata-kata indah para ulama hadith dalam menggambarkan kehebatan pengembaraan menuntut dan mempelajari hadith, namun ada dua ungkapan yang sentiasa terngiang di minda saya sejak saya pertama kali membacanya bertahun yang lalu, iaitu kata-kata dua orang muhaddith terkemuka -
Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab (wafat 94H) dan Makhul al-Dimasyqi (wafat 112H)
1- Sa'id pernah menuturkan:
"Aku pernah merantau beberapa hari dan beberapa malam untuk mencari SATU hadith".
2- Makhul pula pernah berkata:
"Aku telah tawaf mengelilingi DUNIA untuk menuntut ilmu."
[Rujukan: Al-Rihlah Fi Talabi al-Hadith - al-Khatib al-Baghdadi]
*Hayatilah kesungguhan Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab sehingga beliau mengambil masa beberapa hari hanya untuk mencari SATU hadith! Sa'id Bin al-Musayyab merupakan ulama yang menghafaz dan menulis beratus ribu hadith, bayangkan tempoh masa dan kepayahan serta kesabaran beliau mencari hadith sehingga terkadang SATU hadith boleh memakan masa berhari-hari lamanya!
*Perhatikan dan renungkan perkataan 'DUNIA' yang diungkapkan oleh Makhul. Seakan kita merasai bagaimana Makhul bukannya bergurau, tetapi beliau sebenarnya tidak menemui perkataan yang paling sesuai untuk menggambarkan begitu luasnya dan jauhnya pengembaraan beliau melainkan hanya satu kalimah, hanya satu perkataan - DUNIA....seluas dunia!
- Berdoa dan berharaplah serta berusahalah untuk mencapai walau secebis kesabaran, kesungguhan dan kekuatan ulama hadith silam seumpama Makhul dan Sa'id.....pasti ia akan mengubah hidup kita selama-lamanya!!
Saturday, January 01, 2011
Seminar Mini - Sumbangan Syeikh Idris al-Marbawi
Seminar Mini :
Sumbangan Syeikh Idris al-Marbawi dalam perkembangan ilmu-ilmu Islam
Pembentang:
Ust. Mohd. Syauqi Mohd Zahir (UIAM)
Ust. Mohd. Anwaruddin Abd. Wahab (Bernama)
Ust. Adlan Abd Aziz (al-ahkam.net)
Pada:
Ahad, 9 Januari 2011 - bermula 9.00 pagi.
Tempat:
IIS Hall, No 1-5-2, Prima Peninsula (Atas Saba Islamic Media)
Pendaftaran PERCUMA dan tempat terhad - untuk daftar, klik di sini
Sumbangan Syeikh Idris al-Marbawi dalam perkembangan ilmu-ilmu Islam
Pembentang:
Ust. Mohd. Syauqi Mohd Zahir (UIAM)
Ust. Mohd. Anwaruddin Abd. Wahab (Bernama)
Ust. Adlan Abd Aziz (al-ahkam.net)
Pada:
Ahad, 9 Januari 2011 - bermula 9.00 pagi.
Tempat:
IIS Hall, No 1-5-2, Prima Peninsula (Atas Saba Islamic Media)
Jalan Setiawangsa 11, Taman Setiawangsa
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Pendaftaran PERCUMA dan tempat terhad - untuk daftar, klik di sini
Monday, December 20, 2010
Ulasan Tambahan Berkaitan Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w.
Selepas menulis 2 artikel untuk mengulas sebuah buku yang ditulis dalam tajuk 'Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w.', kali ini saya menulis tentang satu maklumat yang juga ada di dalam buku tersebut iaitu buku 'Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w. : Solatlah kamu sebagaimana Aku solat' karya Ustaz Abu Farouq Rasul Bin Dahri, terbitan syarikat Ummul Qura.
Artikel pertama dan kedua boleh dilihat dalam blog alitantawi.blogspot.com dan juga dalam al-ahkam.net (di sini).
Kemudian saya dapati maklumat ini juga sebenarnya telah dijelaskan dalam bentuk video (saya ikuti dalam Youtube) dalam beberapa bahagian melalui siri Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w. juga oleh Ustaz Rasul Bin Dahri.
Ulasan kali ini berkaitan :
BEZA SOLAT ANTARA LELAKI DAN PEREMPUAN
Menurut buku yang diulas (pada muka surat 18 dan 19) dan juga menurut penerangan melalui video (boleh dilihat di sini), penulis menyimpulkan bahawa -
1- Tidak ada beza antara lelaki dan perempuan dari segi cara bersolat.
2- Sesiapa yang menyatakan demikian, maka ia melakukan pembohongan malah menipu dan berdusta di atas nama Rasulullah s.a.w.
3- Ustaz Rasul Bin Dahri kemudian mengaitkan pembohongan ini dengan sebuah hadith sahih berbunyi: 'Sesiapa yang berdusta ke atasku secara sengaja, maka tempahlah tempatnya di neraka'.
Ulasan:
1-Pertama, saya ingin ringkaskan pandangan yang disebut oleh Imam al-Nawawi (wafat 676H) dalam bukunya al-Majmu' yang merupakan antara rujukan utama dalam Fiqh Mazhab al-Syafie dan juga fiqh perbandingan dengan mazhab lain. Dalam buku ini kita dapati al-Nawawi telah menyebut tentang perbezaan solat lelaki dan solat perempuan. Beliau telah menukilkan pandangan Imam al-Syafie (wafat 204H). Mari kita lihat kesimpulan yang ada dalam buku al-Majmu' ini :
a-Secara keseluruhannya solat lelaki adalah sama saja dengan solat perempuan dari segi pergerakan solat.
b-Namun begitu terdapat beberapa perbezaan yang digalakkan menurut pandangan Imam al-Syafie iaitu:
-perempuan merapatkan dan tidak merenggangkan ketika dalam solat.
-ketika sujud, dirapatkan perut dan pehanya.
-merendahkan suaranya.
-menebalkan jilbabnya.
-merenggangkan jilbabnya ketika ruku' dan sujud untuk mengelakkan daripada dilihat bentuk badan dengan jelas.
-jika terganggu atau berlaku apa-apa, perempuan menepuk tangannya.
2-Kedua, terdapat beberapa hadith yang sememangnya dhaif berkaitan perkara ini. Itu tidak menjadi soal kerana kedhaifan hadith tidak semestinya bermaksud perkara itu sesuatu yang salah. Pengkaji dan penuntut ilmu-ilmu Islam harus sedar bahawa para ulama mengeluarkan hukum dan cadangan serta fatwa bukan semata-mata berdasarkan hadith-hadith sahih, tetapi melihat pelbagai maklumat antaranya ialah - fatwa dan amalan generasi awal dari kalangan sahabat, tabiin dan generasi selepas mereka.
3-Ketiga, oleh itu kita dapati persoalan perbezaan antara perbuatan lelaki dan perempuan dalam solat telah pun diungkapkan oleh sebahagian tokoh-tokoh ilmuan Islam terkemuka malah dari generasi awal. Saya ingin membawa analisis ringkas tentang apa yang disebutkan oleh Imam Abd. Razzaq al-Son'ani dalam bukunya yang terkenal - al-Musannaf - dalam jilid 3, m.s. 137 dan 138 [cetakan al-Maktab al-Islami, tahun1983]:
- Imam Abd. Razzaq telah menulis satu bab berkaitan 'cara wanita mengangkat tangan ketika takbir, juga cara wanita berdiri, rukuk dan sujud ketika solat'.
- Beliau telah membawa sejumlah 8 riwayat yang menunjukkan pendapat daripada : Saidina Ali Bin Abi Tolib, Ataa' Bin Abi Rabah, al-Hasan al-Basri, Qatadah dan Ibrahim iaitu dari kalangan para sahabat dan tabiin yang menunjukkan terdapat - beberapa perbezaan antara cara solat lelaki dan wanita.
- Ini menunjukkan bahawa para ulama selepas mereka yang membawa idea yang sama sebenarnya berpunca daripada generasi yang lebih awal. Walaupun terdapat perbezaan pendapat, kita perlu hormati fatwa dan amalan generasi awal.
- Kita juga dapat melihat pandangan ini dibawa oleh Imam al-Syafie sebagaimana dinyatakan di atas tadi melalui buku al-Majmu' karya al-Nawawi.
4- Keempat, terdapat sebuah buku yang boleh kita jadikan sumber rujukan dalam hal berkaitan ini iaitu - al-Jami' Li Ahkam al-Nisaa' oleh Syeikh Mustafa al-Adwi. [Rujuk jilid 1, bermula muka surat 371, cetakan Dar al-Sunnah, tahun 1992], beliau telah menyenaraikan pelbagai hadith dan fatwa sahabat serta ulama tentang perbezaan solat antara wanita dan lelaki. Walaupun beliau menyatakan kedhaifan hadith-hadith yang berkaitan, namun beliau telah menilai sahih riwayat-riwayat dari tabiin dan ahli ilmu lain tentang perbezaan keadaan pergerakan solat lelaki dan wanita. Malah beliau menyatakan pula fatwa ulama terkemuka berkaitan hal ini, antaranya dari:
-Imam al-Baihaqi dalam al-Sunan al-Kubra.
-Ibn Qudamah dalam al-Mughni.
-al-Son'ani dalam Subul al-Salam.
Lalu syeikh Mustafa al-Adwi menyimpulkan bahawa terdapat 2 pandangan yang beliau temui berkaitan pergerakan solat wanita. Pertama, ia sama sahaja dengan lelaki. Kedua, ia berlainan pada beberapa tempat dan ini juga adalah diriwayatkan daripada para tabiin. Beliau menerima keduanya.
5-،Kelima, apabila direnungkan sepintas lalu apa yang telah dinyatakan di atas, adakah anda sanggup untuk menyatakan bahawa 'sesiapa yang membezakan solat lelaki dan wanita telah melakukan pembohongan dan berdusta ke atas Rasulullah s.a.w.'? Ini adalah satu sikap yang melampau dan keluar daripada topik perbincangan. Adakah ulama kita yang terdahulu begitu sekali sifatnya dan sikapnya?
Apa yang ditegaskan oleh sebahagian ulama ialah -
-sememangnya secara umumnya lelaki dan wanita sama sahaja dari segi pergerakannya dalam solat.
-namun mereka mencadangkan beberapa cara untuk wanita berdasarkan wanita perlu memelihara dirinya dari pandangan umum ketika solat. Ini termasuk ketika menunaikan solat di masjid-masjid sejak dulu hingga kini.
-tindakan dan pandangan mereka ini tidak langsung ada kaitan dengan istilah 'pembohongan' ke atas Rasulullah s.a.w. dan amat jauh sekali daripada maksud hadith yang disebut oleh penulis.
Semoga Allah SWT menyelamatkan ahli ilmu dan pencinta ilmu daripada sikap melampau. Amin.
Artikel pertama dan kedua boleh dilihat dalam blog alitantawi.blogspot.com dan juga dalam al-ahkam.net (di sini).
Kemudian saya dapati maklumat ini juga sebenarnya telah dijelaskan dalam bentuk video (saya ikuti dalam Youtube) dalam beberapa bahagian melalui siri Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w. juga oleh Ustaz Rasul Bin Dahri.
Ulasan kali ini berkaitan :
BEZA SOLAT ANTARA LELAKI DAN PEREMPUAN
Menurut buku yang diulas (pada muka surat 18 dan 19) dan juga menurut penerangan melalui video (boleh dilihat di sini), penulis menyimpulkan bahawa -
1- Tidak ada beza antara lelaki dan perempuan dari segi cara bersolat.
2- Sesiapa yang menyatakan demikian, maka ia melakukan pembohongan malah menipu dan berdusta di atas nama Rasulullah s.a.w.
3- Ustaz Rasul Bin Dahri kemudian mengaitkan pembohongan ini dengan sebuah hadith sahih berbunyi: 'Sesiapa yang berdusta ke atasku secara sengaja, maka tempahlah tempatnya di neraka'.
Ulasan:
1-Pertama, saya ingin ringkaskan pandangan yang disebut oleh Imam al-Nawawi (wafat 676H) dalam bukunya al-Majmu' yang merupakan antara rujukan utama dalam Fiqh Mazhab al-Syafie dan juga fiqh perbandingan dengan mazhab lain. Dalam buku ini kita dapati al-Nawawi telah menyebut tentang perbezaan solat lelaki dan solat perempuan. Beliau telah menukilkan pandangan Imam al-Syafie (wafat 204H). Mari kita lihat kesimpulan yang ada dalam buku al-Majmu' ini :
a-Secara keseluruhannya solat lelaki adalah sama saja dengan solat perempuan dari segi pergerakan solat.
b-Namun begitu terdapat beberapa perbezaan yang digalakkan menurut pandangan Imam al-Syafie iaitu:
-perempuan merapatkan dan tidak merenggangkan ketika dalam solat.
-ketika sujud, dirapatkan perut dan pehanya.
-merendahkan suaranya.
-menebalkan jilbabnya.
-merenggangkan jilbabnya ketika ruku' dan sujud untuk mengelakkan daripada dilihat bentuk badan dengan jelas.
-jika terganggu atau berlaku apa-apa, perempuan menepuk tangannya.
[al-Majmu', jilid 3, m.s. 495, cetakan Maktabah al-Irsyad, Jeddah]
2-Kedua, terdapat beberapa hadith yang sememangnya dhaif berkaitan perkara ini. Itu tidak menjadi soal kerana kedhaifan hadith tidak semestinya bermaksud perkara itu sesuatu yang salah. Pengkaji dan penuntut ilmu-ilmu Islam harus sedar bahawa para ulama mengeluarkan hukum dan cadangan serta fatwa bukan semata-mata berdasarkan hadith-hadith sahih, tetapi melihat pelbagai maklumat antaranya ialah - fatwa dan amalan generasi awal dari kalangan sahabat, tabiin dan generasi selepas mereka.
3-Ketiga, oleh itu kita dapati persoalan perbezaan antara perbuatan lelaki dan perempuan dalam solat telah pun diungkapkan oleh sebahagian tokoh-tokoh ilmuan Islam terkemuka malah dari generasi awal. Saya ingin membawa analisis ringkas tentang apa yang disebutkan oleh Imam Abd. Razzaq al-Son'ani dalam bukunya yang terkenal - al-Musannaf - dalam jilid 3, m.s. 137 dan 138 [cetakan al-Maktab al-Islami, tahun1983]:
- Imam Abd. Razzaq telah menulis satu bab berkaitan 'cara wanita mengangkat tangan ketika takbir, juga cara wanita berdiri, rukuk dan sujud ketika solat'.
- Beliau telah membawa sejumlah 8 riwayat yang menunjukkan pendapat daripada : Saidina Ali Bin Abi Tolib, Ataa' Bin Abi Rabah, al-Hasan al-Basri, Qatadah dan Ibrahim iaitu dari kalangan para sahabat dan tabiin yang menunjukkan terdapat - beberapa perbezaan antara cara solat lelaki dan wanita.
- Ini menunjukkan bahawa para ulama selepas mereka yang membawa idea yang sama sebenarnya berpunca daripada generasi yang lebih awal. Walaupun terdapat perbezaan pendapat, kita perlu hormati fatwa dan amalan generasi awal.
- Kita juga dapat melihat pandangan ini dibawa oleh Imam al-Syafie sebagaimana dinyatakan di atas tadi melalui buku al-Majmu' karya al-Nawawi.
4- Keempat, terdapat sebuah buku yang boleh kita jadikan sumber rujukan dalam hal berkaitan ini iaitu - al-Jami' Li Ahkam al-Nisaa' oleh Syeikh Mustafa al-Adwi. [Rujuk jilid 1, bermula muka surat 371, cetakan Dar al-Sunnah, tahun 1992], beliau telah menyenaraikan pelbagai hadith dan fatwa sahabat serta ulama tentang perbezaan solat antara wanita dan lelaki. Walaupun beliau menyatakan kedhaifan hadith-hadith yang berkaitan, namun beliau telah menilai sahih riwayat-riwayat dari tabiin dan ahli ilmu lain tentang perbezaan keadaan pergerakan solat lelaki dan wanita. Malah beliau menyatakan pula fatwa ulama terkemuka berkaitan hal ini, antaranya dari:
-Imam al-Baihaqi dalam al-Sunan al-Kubra.
-Ibn Qudamah dalam al-Mughni.
-al-Son'ani dalam Subul al-Salam.
Lalu syeikh Mustafa al-Adwi menyimpulkan bahawa terdapat 2 pandangan yang beliau temui berkaitan pergerakan solat wanita. Pertama, ia sama sahaja dengan lelaki. Kedua, ia berlainan pada beberapa tempat dan ini juga adalah diriwayatkan daripada para tabiin. Beliau menerima keduanya.
5-،Kelima, apabila direnungkan sepintas lalu apa yang telah dinyatakan di atas, adakah anda sanggup untuk menyatakan bahawa 'sesiapa yang membezakan solat lelaki dan wanita telah melakukan pembohongan dan berdusta ke atas Rasulullah s.a.w.'? Ini adalah satu sikap yang melampau dan keluar daripada topik perbincangan. Adakah ulama kita yang terdahulu begitu sekali sifatnya dan sikapnya?
Apa yang ditegaskan oleh sebahagian ulama ialah -
-sememangnya secara umumnya lelaki dan wanita sama sahaja dari segi pergerakannya dalam solat.
-namun mereka mencadangkan beberapa cara untuk wanita berdasarkan wanita perlu memelihara dirinya dari pandangan umum ketika solat. Ini termasuk ketika menunaikan solat di masjid-masjid sejak dulu hingga kini.
-tindakan dan pandangan mereka ini tidak langsung ada kaitan dengan istilah 'pembohongan' ke atas Rasulullah s.a.w. dan amat jauh sekali daripada maksud hadith yang disebut oleh penulis.
Semoga Allah SWT menyelamatkan ahli ilmu dan pencinta ilmu daripada sikap melampau. Amin.
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Ulasan Buku Berkaitan Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w. (2)
Artikel ini mengulas tentang buku: Ustaz Abu Farouq Rasul Bin Dahri, bertajuk 'Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w.: Solatlah kamu sebagaimana Aku solat', terbitan Syarikat Ummul Qura, cetakan kedua tahun 2010.
Artikel bahagian pertama (Ulasan pertama dan kedua) - boleh dibaca di sini
ULASAN KETIGA - BENARKAH HANYA SATU PANDANGAN/AMALAN - IAITU 'DI ATAS DADA'?
Dalam artikel pertama, saya telah menumpukan ulasan terhadap kesilapan nota kaki dan terjemahan. Kali ini ulasan saya adalah berkaitan tulisan penulis seperti berikut:
Penulis menyatakan pada muka surat 16 bahawa:
"Menurut hadis-hadis yang sahih, cara bersedekap (meletakkan kedua tangan) bukanlah di bawah pusat, bukan di pusat, bukan di perut atau melepaskannya ke bawah (isbal) tetapi diletakkan keduanya di atas dada sebagaimana penjelasan dari hadis-hadis sahih seperti berikut..."
Penulis juga menyatakan pada muka surat 17 dan 18 ayat seperti berikut:
"Menurut Syeikh Nasruddin al-Albani rahimahullah: Bersedekap di dada adalah perbuatan yang sahih menurut sunnah. Yang bertentangan dengan cara ini adalah lemah dan tidak mempunyai dasar riwayat yang sahih".
Di sini dapat kita fahami beberapa perkara yang diketengahkan oleh penulis (melalui pendapat beliau dan juga nukilan pendapat Syeikh al-Albani) iaitu:
- Bersedekap di atas dada ketika solat disebutkan dalam hadith-hadith sahih.
- Perbuatan bersedekap di atas dada adalah perbuatan yang menepati sunnah.
- Perbuatan bersedekap di tempat selain dada adalah lemah dan tidak berdasarkan riwayat yang sahih.
Sekali pandang, mungkin pembaca akan meyakini bahawa hanya ada SATU pandangan dan hanya SATU amalan di sisi para ulama fiqh dan hadith sepanjang zaman iaitu seperti di atas. Namun apa yang ditemui amat berlainan... teruskan membaca:
1- Dari segi amalan, apa yang penulis bawa bertentangan dengan apa yang diamalkan oleh ilmuan Islam di zaman awal. Ini jelas seperti yang diceritakan kepada kita oleh Imam al-Tirmidzi :
Maksudnya:
dan amalan sebegini (meletakkan tangan kanan atas tangan kiri dalam solat) diamalkan di sisi ahli ilmu dari kalangan sahabat-sahabat Nabi s.a.w., para tabi'in dan selepas mereka. Mereka mengambil pandangan meletakkan tangan kanan di atas tangan kiri ketika solat. Sebahagian mereka mengambil pandangan meletakkannya di atas pusat dan sebahagian lagi berpandangan di bawah pusat. Dan semua itu luas (terbuka) bagi mereka.
[Jami' al-Tirmidzi, Abwab al-Solat, selepas hadith no.252, muka surat 67, cetakan Dar al-A'lam, Jordan, tahun 2001]
dalam kata-kata dan huraian al-Tirmidzi ini kita dapati 3 generasi awal telah disebut iaitu:
Pertama- para sahabat Nabi s.a.w.
Kedua - para tabiin iaitu mereka yang sempat bertemu dengan para sahabat.
Ketiga - golongan selepas tabiin dan ini meliputi ulama di zaman al-Tirmidzi sendiri.
Kita dapati mereka terbahagi kepada dua kelompok:
Satu- yang bersedekap di bahagian atas pusat (tidak juga diberitahu di atas dada).
Kedua- yang bersedekap di bahagian bawah pusat.
Perlu difahami bahawa ini adalah apa yang diAMALkan oleh mereka sebagaimana kata al-Tirmidzi. Adakah kita boleh katakan amalan sebahagian sahabat, tabiin dan ulama selepas mereka adalah amalan yang TIDAK bersandarkan hadith sahih? Persoalan penting untuk sama-sama kita fikirkan.
2-Apabila dicari pula pandangan dan pendapat ulama terdahulu sama ada dalam bidang fiqh solat atau bidang hadith, kita juga tidak temui pendapat yang 'menghadkan' kepada hanya 'di atas dada'. Sebagai contoh:
Lihatlah buku-buku yang mengumpulkan pendapat ulama terkemuka dalam fiqh sama ada secara 'fiqh perbandingan' atau 'fiqh satu mazhab', maka kita akan dapati persoalan bersedekap ketika solat dibincangkan dengan begitu 'luas' dan 'terbuka' tanpa menafikan perbezaan cara dan amalan.
Persoalan yang saya ingin lontarkan di sini:
Adakah kita meyakini bahawa mereka TAHU ada hadith sahih yang menghadkan 'di atas dada' tetapi mereka tidak mengikuti maksud hadith itu?
Atau kita meyakini bahawa mereka TIDAK TAHU adanya hadith tentang 'di atas dada'?
Ini persoalan yang saya ingin timbulkan sekiranya kita berpegang kepada amalan dan pandangan 'hanya di atas dada'.
NUKILAN DARIPADA BEBERAPA SUMBER FIQH
1- Pertama mari kita lihat kepada sebuah buku yang menjadi antara rujukan utama dalam Mazhab Hanafi iaitu buku yang masyhur dengan nama Hasyiyat Ibn Abidin atau judul asalnya 'Radd al-Muhtar'. Dari buku ini kita dapati pandangan yang disebut ialah 'bersedekap di bawah pusat' berdasarkan kata-kata yang dinukilkan daripada Saidina Ali Bin Abi Tolib.
[Radd al-Muhtar, Jilid 2, Kitab al-Solat, muka surat 172 dan 173, cetakan Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, tahun 2003]
2- Kita juga dapat lihat pada sumber fiqh Mazhab Maliki contohnya buku karya Imam Malik Bin Anas sendiri iaitu al-Muwatto', beliau menyebutkan tentang suruhan meletakkan tangan kanan di atas tangan kiri, dan menyenaraikan beberapa hadith tetapi tidak ada pandangan atau penetapan 'di atas dada'.
[al-Muwatto', Riwayat Abu Mush'ab, Jilid 1, bab 49, hadith no.424 hingga 426, cetakan Muassasah al-Risalah, Beirut, cetakan ketiga, tahun 1998] dan juga [al-Muwatto', Riwayat Yahya al-Laithi, Jilid 1, bab 100, hadith no.436 dan 437, cetakan Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, cetakan kedua, tahun 1997]
3- Dalam Mazhab al-Syafie pula, saya ingin membawa pembaca melihat apa yang telah dikumpulkan oleh Imam al-Nawawi dalam bukunya yang amat panjang lebar dan terkenal, iaitu al-Majmu' yang merupakan huraian kepada satu lagi buku fiqh Mazhab Syafie yang terkemuka iaitu al-Muhazzab karya al-Syirazi. Apa yang dibawa dalam buku al-Majmu'? :
a- Sebahagian ilmuan menyatakan agar bersedekap di bawah dada dan di atas pusat (di antara dada dan pusat)
b- Sebahagian ilmuan pula menyatakan di bawah pusat. c-Sebahagian lagi pula memberikan pilihan - sama ada ingin bersedekap di bahagian atas pusat atau di bawahnya.
[al-Majmu', Kitab al-Solat, Jilid 3, muka surat 269 dan 270, cetakan Maktabah al-Irsyad, Jeddah]
4- Manakala kalau dilihat pada Mazhab Hanbali pula, kita boleh mengambil pandangan yang dinyatakan oleh Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal sendiri iaitu ketika disoal tentang bersedekap di atas dada beliau memberikan jawapan:
a- di atas pusat (disebutkan 'sedikit' di atas pusat)
b- jika diletakkan di bawah pusat juga tidak mengapa
c- dia tidak suka seseorang meletakkannya di atas dada.
[Masaail al-Imam Ahmad, karya Imam Abu Daud, muka surat 31, cetakan di bawah seliaan Muhammad Rasydi Ridha, tahun 1353H]
5-Salah sebuah buku yang mengumpulkan pandangan daripada pelbagai mazhab yang popular ialah buku al-Mughni karya Ibnu Qudamah al-Maqdisi. Beliau menyebut tentang perbezaan pandangan ulama tentang bersedekap ketika solat:
a-Meletakkan di bawah pusat sebagaimana pernah diriwayatkan daripada sebilangan sahabat, tabiin dan juga Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal.
b-Meletakkan di atas pusat, diriwayatkan dari sebahagian tabiin, Imam al-Syafie dan juga Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal.
c-Diberi pilihan untuk mengambil mana-mana pandangan (atas atau bawah pusat), juga diriwayatkan dari Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. Ia juga dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang terbuka dan luas.
[Al-Mughni, Jilid 2, muka surat 141, cetakan Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, tahun 1997]
6- Saya juga ingin merujuk kepada satu maklumat yang diringkaskan oleh seorang ilmuan hadith di Iraq yang juga Syeikh Dar al-Hadith di Iraq, Dr. Mahir Yasin Fahl dalam tesis sarjana beliau bertajuk Athar Ilal al-Hadith Fi Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha' berkaitan tajuk ini:
a-Bersedekap di atas pusat, di bawah dada. Menurut Dr.Mahir, ini adalah pendapat dalam kalangan ilmuan Mazhab Syafie dan salah satu pandangan dalam kalangan ulama Mazhab Hanbali.
b-Bersedekap di bawah pusat. Ini merupakan pandangan kalangan ilmuan Mazhab Hanafi dan beliau juga menyebut nama sebahagian sahabat, tabiin dan ulama selepas mereka yang mengambil pandangan ini. Ia juga adalah pendapat yang kuat dalam Mazhab Hanbali.
c-Bersedekap di atas dada. Ini tidak pernah diambil daripada ulama awal, cuma ia dipilih oleh ulama terkemudian seperti al-Son'ani, al-Mubarakfuri, al-Azim Abadi dan al-Syaukani.
d-Terbuka dan tidak dihadkan sebagaimana pandangan al-Auza'i dan juga Ibn al-Mundzir.
e- Meluruskan tangan dan tidak bersedekap. Ini pandangan sebahagian tabiin dan ulama.
Pembaca yang tahu membaca dalam Bahasa Arab elok melihat huraian lengkap Dr.Mahir Yasin Fahl dalam bukunya ini.
[Athar Ilal al-Hadith Fi Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha', muka surat 280, Dar Ammar, Jordan, tahun 2000]
7-Saya juga ingin menukilkan apa yang telah dituls oleh Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhaili, seorang alim dan pendakwah terkemuka dunia Islam dalam bukunya yang cukup terkenal iaitu al-Fiqh al-Islami :
a-Bersedekap di atas dada.
b-Bersedekap di bawah dada, di atas pusat.
c-Di bawah pusat.
d-Meluruskan tangan tanpa bersedekap.
[Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, jilid 1, muka surat 687 dan 688, cetakan Dar al-Fikr, tahun 1985]
Apa yang saya sebutkan di atas hanyalah beberapa buku yang membawa pandangan mazhab-mazhab utama dalam Islam. Para pembaca boleh membuat rujukan tambahan menggunakan buku-buku fiqh yang mudah didapati dan melihat sendiri apa yang dinyatakan. Melalui apa yang saya sebutkan, kita dapat tahu :
-Pandangan yang dibawa oleh penulis yang 'menghadkan' dan 'menyempitkan' amalan bersedekap hanya di atas dada dan bukan di tempat lain adalah 'menyalahi' apa yang tersebar dalam kalangan ulama zaman berzaman - secara AMALAN dan juga PANDANGAN.
- Para ulama begitu terbuka (sebagaimana kata Imam al-Tirmidzi dan rujukan-rujukan yang saya sebutkan di atas) dalam menyatakan tempat bersedekap dan mereka tidak menghadkan serta tidak menyalahkan atau melemahkan pandangan tertentu. Bahkan di antara mereka memberikan pilihan pula kepada orang yang solat.
Adakah mungkin amalan dan pandangan ilmuan Islam sepanjang zaman ini 'tidak bersandarkan dalil yang sahih'?
Adakah mungkin mereka tidak tahu bahawa yang sahih hanya 'di atas dada'?
wallahu a'lam
Artikel bahagian pertama (Ulasan pertama dan kedua) - boleh dibaca di sini
ULASAN KETIGA - BENARKAH HANYA SATU PANDANGAN/AMALAN - IAITU 'DI ATAS DADA'?
Dalam artikel pertama, saya telah menumpukan ulasan terhadap kesilapan nota kaki dan terjemahan. Kali ini ulasan saya adalah berkaitan tulisan penulis seperti berikut:
Penulis menyatakan pada muka surat 16 bahawa:
"Menurut hadis-hadis yang sahih, cara bersedekap (meletakkan kedua tangan) bukanlah di bawah pusat, bukan di pusat, bukan di perut atau melepaskannya ke bawah (isbal) tetapi diletakkan keduanya di atas dada sebagaimana penjelasan dari hadis-hadis sahih seperti berikut..."
Penulis juga menyatakan pada muka surat 17 dan 18 ayat seperti berikut:
"Menurut Syeikh Nasruddin al-Albani rahimahullah: Bersedekap di dada adalah perbuatan yang sahih menurut sunnah. Yang bertentangan dengan cara ini adalah lemah dan tidak mempunyai dasar riwayat yang sahih".
Di sini dapat kita fahami beberapa perkara yang diketengahkan oleh penulis (melalui pendapat beliau dan juga nukilan pendapat Syeikh al-Albani) iaitu:
- Bersedekap di atas dada ketika solat disebutkan dalam hadith-hadith sahih.
- Perbuatan bersedekap di atas dada adalah perbuatan yang menepati sunnah.
- Perbuatan bersedekap di tempat selain dada adalah lemah dan tidak berdasarkan riwayat yang sahih.
Sekali pandang, mungkin pembaca akan meyakini bahawa hanya ada SATU pandangan dan hanya SATU amalan di sisi para ulama fiqh dan hadith sepanjang zaman iaitu seperti di atas. Namun apa yang ditemui amat berlainan... teruskan membaca:
1- Dari segi amalan, apa yang penulis bawa bertentangan dengan apa yang diamalkan oleh ilmuan Islam di zaman awal. Ini jelas seperti yang diceritakan kepada kita oleh Imam al-Tirmidzi :
وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنْ يَضَعَ الرَّجُلُ يَمِينَهُ عَلَى شِمَالِهِ فِى الصَّلاَةِ. وَرَأَى بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْ يَضَعَهُمَا فَوْقَ السُّرَّةِ. وَرَأَى بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْ يَضَعَهُمَا تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ. وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعٌ عِنْدَهُمْ
Maksudnya:
dan amalan sebegini (meletakkan tangan kanan atas tangan kiri dalam solat) diamalkan di sisi ahli ilmu dari kalangan sahabat-sahabat Nabi s.a.w., para tabi'in dan selepas mereka. Mereka mengambil pandangan meletakkan tangan kanan di atas tangan kiri ketika solat. Sebahagian mereka mengambil pandangan meletakkannya di atas pusat dan sebahagian lagi berpandangan di bawah pusat. Dan semua itu luas (terbuka) bagi mereka.
[Jami' al-Tirmidzi, Abwab al-Solat, selepas hadith no.252, muka surat 67, cetakan Dar al-A'lam, Jordan, tahun 2001]
dalam kata-kata dan huraian al-Tirmidzi ini kita dapati 3 generasi awal telah disebut iaitu:
Pertama- para sahabat Nabi s.a.w.
Kedua - para tabiin iaitu mereka yang sempat bertemu dengan para sahabat.
Ketiga - golongan selepas tabiin dan ini meliputi ulama di zaman al-Tirmidzi sendiri.
Kita dapati mereka terbahagi kepada dua kelompok:
Satu- yang bersedekap di bahagian atas pusat (tidak juga diberitahu di atas dada).
Kedua- yang bersedekap di bahagian bawah pusat.
Perlu difahami bahawa ini adalah apa yang diAMALkan oleh mereka sebagaimana kata al-Tirmidzi. Adakah kita boleh katakan amalan sebahagian sahabat, tabiin dan ulama selepas mereka adalah amalan yang TIDAK bersandarkan hadith sahih? Persoalan penting untuk sama-sama kita fikirkan.
2-Apabila dicari pula pandangan dan pendapat ulama terdahulu sama ada dalam bidang fiqh solat atau bidang hadith, kita juga tidak temui pendapat yang 'menghadkan' kepada hanya 'di atas dada'. Sebagai contoh:
Lihatlah buku-buku yang mengumpulkan pendapat ulama terkemuka dalam fiqh sama ada secara 'fiqh perbandingan' atau 'fiqh satu mazhab', maka kita akan dapati persoalan bersedekap ketika solat dibincangkan dengan begitu 'luas' dan 'terbuka' tanpa menafikan perbezaan cara dan amalan.
Persoalan yang saya ingin lontarkan di sini:
Adakah kita meyakini bahawa mereka TAHU ada hadith sahih yang menghadkan 'di atas dada' tetapi mereka tidak mengikuti maksud hadith itu?
Atau kita meyakini bahawa mereka TIDAK TAHU adanya hadith tentang 'di atas dada'?
Ini persoalan yang saya ingin timbulkan sekiranya kita berpegang kepada amalan dan pandangan 'hanya di atas dada'.
NUKILAN DARIPADA BEBERAPA SUMBER FIQH
1- Pertama mari kita lihat kepada sebuah buku yang menjadi antara rujukan utama dalam Mazhab Hanafi iaitu buku yang masyhur dengan nama Hasyiyat Ibn Abidin atau judul asalnya 'Radd al-Muhtar'. Dari buku ini kita dapati pandangan yang disebut ialah 'bersedekap di bawah pusat' berdasarkan kata-kata yang dinukilkan daripada Saidina Ali Bin Abi Tolib.
[Radd al-Muhtar, Jilid 2, Kitab al-Solat, muka surat 172 dan 173, cetakan Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, tahun 2003]
2- Kita juga dapat lihat pada sumber fiqh Mazhab Maliki contohnya buku karya Imam Malik Bin Anas sendiri iaitu al-Muwatto', beliau menyebutkan tentang suruhan meletakkan tangan kanan di atas tangan kiri, dan menyenaraikan beberapa hadith tetapi tidak ada pandangan atau penetapan 'di atas dada'.
[al-Muwatto', Riwayat Abu Mush'ab, Jilid 1, bab 49, hadith no.424 hingga 426, cetakan Muassasah al-Risalah, Beirut, cetakan ketiga, tahun 1998] dan juga [al-Muwatto', Riwayat Yahya al-Laithi, Jilid 1, bab 100, hadith no.436 dan 437, cetakan Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, cetakan kedua, tahun 1997]
3- Dalam Mazhab al-Syafie pula, saya ingin membawa pembaca melihat apa yang telah dikumpulkan oleh Imam al-Nawawi dalam bukunya yang amat panjang lebar dan terkenal, iaitu al-Majmu' yang merupakan huraian kepada satu lagi buku fiqh Mazhab Syafie yang terkemuka iaitu al-Muhazzab karya al-Syirazi. Apa yang dibawa dalam buku al-Majmu'? :
a- Sebahagian ilmuan menyatakan agar bersedekap di bawah dada dan di atas pusat (di antara dada dan pusat)
b- Sebahagian ilmuan pula menyatakan di bawah pusat. c-Sebahagian lagi pula memberikan pilihan - sama ada ingin bersedekap di bahagian atas pusat atau di bawahnya.
[al-Majmu', Kitab al-Solat, Jilid 3, muka surat 269 dan 270, cetakan Maktabah al-Irsyad, Jeddah]
4- Manakala kalau dilihat pada Mazhab Hanbali pula, kita boleh mengambil pandangan yang dinyatakan oleh Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal sendiri iaitu ketika disoal tentang bersedekap di atas dada beliau memberikan jawapan:
a- di atas pusat (disebutkan 'sedikit' di atas pusat)
b- jika diletakkan di bawah pusat juga tidak mengapa
c- dia tidak suka seseorang meletakkannya di atas dada.
[Masaail al-Imam Ahmad, karya Imam Abu Daud, muka surat 31, cetakan di bawah seliaan Muhammad Rasydi Ridha, tahun 1353H]
5-Salah sebuah buku yang mengumpulkan pandangan daripada pelbagai mazhab yang popular ialah buku al-Mughni karya Ibnu Qudamah al-Maqdisi. Beliau menyebut tentang perbezaan pandangan ulama tentang bersedekap ketika solat:
a-Meletakkan di bawah pusat sebagaimana pernah diriwayatkan daripada sebilangan sahabat, tabiin dan juga Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal.
b-Meletakkan di atas pusat, diriwayatkan dari sebahagian tabiin, Imam al-Syafie dan juga Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal.
c-Diberi pilihan untuk mengambil mana-mana pandangan (atas atau bawah pusat), juga diriwayatkan dari Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. Ia juga dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang terbuka dan luas.
[Al-Mughni, Jilid 2, muka surat 141, cetakan Dar Alam al-Kutub, Riyadh, tahun 1997]
6- Saya juga ingin merujuk kepada satu maklumat yang diringkaskan oleh seorang ilmuan hadith di Iraq yang juga Syeikh Dar al-Hadith di Iraq, Dr. Mahir Yasin Fahl dalam tesis sarjana beliau bertajuk Athar Ilal al-Hadith Fi Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha' berkaitan tajuk ini:
a-Bersedekap di atas pusat, di bawah dada. Menurut Dr.Mahir, ini adalah pendapat dalam kalangan ilmuan Mazhab Syafie dan salah satu pandangan dalam kalangan ulama Mazhab Hanbali.
b-Bersedekap di bawah pusat. Ini merupakan pandangan kalangan ilmuan Mazhab Hanafi dan beliau juga menyebut nama sebahagian sahabat, tabiin dan ulama selepas mereka yang mengambil pandangan ini. Ia juga adalah pendapat yang kuat dalam Mazhab Hanbali.
c-Bersedekap di atas dada. Ini tidak pernah diambil daripada ulama awal, cuma ia dipilih oleh ulama terkemudian seperti al-Son'ani, al-Mubarakfuri, al-Azim Abadi dan al-Syaukani.
d-Terbuka dan tidak dihadkan sebagaimana pandangan al-Auza'i dan juga Ibn al-Mundzir.
e- Meluruskan tangan dan tidak bersedekap. Ini pandangan sebahagian tabiin dan ulama.
Pembaca yang tahu membaca dalam Bahasa Arab elok melihat huraian lengkap Dr.Mahir Yasin Fahl dalam bukunya ini.
[Athar Ilal al-Hadith Fi Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha', muka surat 280, Dar Ammar, Jordan, tahun 2000]
7-Saya juga ingin menukilkan apa yang telah dituls oleh Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhaili, seorang alim dan pendakwah terkemuka dunia Islam dalam bukunya yang cukup terkenal iaitu al-Fiqh al-Islami :
a-Bersedekap di atas dada.
b-Bersedekap di bawah dada, di atas pusat.
c-Di bawah pusat.
d-Meluruskan tangan tanpa bersedekap.
[Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, jilid 1, muka surat 687 dan 688, cetakan Dar al-Fikr, tahun 1985]
Apa yang saya sebutkan di atas hanyalah beberapa buku yang membawa pandangan mazhab-mazhab utama dalam Islam. Para pembaca boleh membuat rujukan tambahan menggunakan buku-buku fiqh yang mudah didapati dan melihat sendiri apa yang dinyatakan. Melalui apa yang saya sebutkan, kita dapat tahu :
-Pandangan yang dibawa oleh penulis yang 'menghadkan' dan 'menyempitkan' amalan bersedekap hanya di atas dada dan bukan di tempat lain adalah 'menyalahi' apa yang tersebar dalam kalangan ulama zaman berzaman - secara AMALAN dan juga PANDANGAN.
- Para ulama begitu terbuka (sebagaimana kata Imam al-Tirmidzi dan rujukan-rujukan yang saya sebutkan di atas) dalam menyatakan tempat bersedekap dan mereka tidak menghadkan serta tidak menyalahkan atau melemahkan pandangan tertentu. Bahkan di antara mereka memberikan pilihan pula kepada orang yang solat.
Adakah mungkin amalan dan pandangan ilmuan Islam sepanjang zaman ini 'tidak bersandarkan dalil yang sahih'?
Adakah mungkin mereka tidak tahu bahawa yang sahih hanya 'di atas dada'?
wallahu a'lam
Friday, December 10, 2010
Ulasan Buku Berkaitan Sifat Solat Nabi s.a.w.

Baru-baru ini saya membeli sebuah buku yang ditulis oleh Ustaz Abu Farouq Rasul Bin Dahri, bertajuk 'Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w.: Solatlah kamu sebagaimana Aku solat', terbitan Syarikat Ummul Qura, cetakan kedua tahun 2010.
Idea yang diketengahkan dalam buku ini ialah membawa masyarakat ke arah memahami bagaimana cara solat di dalam hadith-hadith Nabi s.a.w. Ia satu usaha yang patut diberikan pujian - dan dalam masa yang sama patut diberikan ulasan jika ada yang tidak begitu jelas atau tepat.
ULASAN PERTAMA - NOTA KAKI ةMUKA SURAT 16, NO.31
Ulasan saya ialah tentang bab 'Bersedekap di dada' yang disebut dalam buku ini bermula pada muka surat 16. Dalam bab ini penulis menyatakan bahawa bersedekap di dada adalah yang menepati hadith-hadith yang sahih. Lalu penulis menyebut 7 potongan hadith berserta takhrij / menyebut sumber setiap hadith. Ulasan saya ialah seperti berikut:
Pertama, daripada sejumlah 7 potongan hadith yang disebutkan di sini, hanya 3 potongan hadith mengandungi dengan jelas perkataan 'di atas dada'.
Kedua, ulasan saya yang lebih panjang ialah pada nota kaki bagi potongan hadith yang ketiga iaitu hadith:
كان يضعهما على الصدر
maksudnya (seperti disebut oleh penulis) : Baginda meletakkan kedua tangannya (bersedekap) di dada.
Dalam nota kaki bernombor 31, penulis menyebut:
"Disebut oleh Bukhari dalam sahihnya. Di dalam al-Muwatta'. H/R Abu Daud, Ibnu Khuzaimah, Ahmad dan Abu Syeikh, Tirmizi menghasankan salah satu hadith ini".
Ulasan saya:
1-Kata-kata dalam nota kaki itu "Disebut oleh Bukhari dalam sahihnya" - sedangkan hadith ini sama ada dengan lafaz yang dinyatakan di sini atau pun apa-apa hadith yang membawa maksud 'di atas dada' tidak ada disebut langsung dalam Sahih al-Bukhari.
2-Kata-kata "Di dalam al-Muwatta". Biasanya apabila disebut al-Muwatta' maka ia merujuk kepada karya Imam Malik Bin Anas (wafat 179H) - walaupun penuntut ilmu tahu bahawa terdapat Muwatta' lain karya imam-imam lain. - Namun begitu, jika dimaksudkan al-Muwatta' karya Imam Malik, masalah yang timbul ialah tiada didapati hadith 'di atas dada' dalam al-Muwatta' dengan pelbagai versi riwayat-riwayatnya.
3- "H/R Abu Daud, Ibnu Khuzaimah, Ahmad dan Abu Syeikh". - Kenyataan ini memang tepat kerana sememangnya ada hadith berkaitan 'di atas dada' dalam Sunan Abu Daud, Mukhtasor al-Mukhtasor atau lebih dikenali dengan Sahih Ibnu Khuzaimah, Musnad Imam Ahmad dan Abu Syeikh dalam buku Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin Fi Asbahan.
4- "Tirmidzi menghasankan salah satu hadith ini" - Di sini terdapat 2 ulasan yang ingin saya nyatakan:
Pertama, apa maksud 'menghasankan salah satu hadith ini' dalam nota kaki tersebut?
Kedua, apabila dilihat dalam Jami' al-Tirmidzi atau lebih popular dengan nama Sunan al-Tirmidzi, di dapati bahawa tidak ada lafaz 'di atas dada' dalam hadith berkaitan sifat solat Nabi s.a.w. yang disebutkan dalam buku itu.
ULASAN KEDUA - AMALAN IMAM ISHAK BIN RAHAWAIH DAN IMAM MARWAZI
Penulis menyatakan pada muka surat 18 :
"Cara-cara yang sesuai dengan sunnah inilah yang diamalkan oleh Imam Ishak Bin Rahawaih dan Imam Marwazi dalam Kitab Masail hlm. 222".
Apabila kita membuat rujukan lanjut, didapati bahawa apa yang sebenarnya disebutkan dalam Kitab Masaail pada halaman yang disebut penulis ialah:
Pertama - Terdapat kisah tentang Ishak Bin Rahawaih solat kemudian membaca qunut lalu mengangkat tangannya berdoa qunut sehingga ke paras dadanya. Maka ia tidak berkaitan dengan meletakkan tangan atau bersedekap di atas dada.
Kedua - Buku al-Masaail ialah karya Imam al-Marwazi. Maka apa yang berlaku ialah al-Marwazi menukilkan perbuatan Ishak Bin Rahawaih seperti di atas, dan bukanlah bercerita tentang amalan al-Mawarzi seperti yang difahami daripada kata-kata penulis di atas tadi.
*Sepatutnya ditulis : "...yang diamalkan oleh Imam Ishak Bin Rahawaih sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh Imam Marwazi dalam kitab Masail hlm.222".
wallahu a'lam.
BERSAMBUNG...
Wednesday, December 08, 2010
Penulisan Dalam Agama - Kenali Penulisnya Dahulu
Kepada mereka yang gemar membeli dan membaca buku-buku agama, ia merupakan satu sikap yang amat baik dan patut diteruskan. Namun untuk memantapkan lagi pembacaan, pembaca perlu berhati-hati dalam memilih bahan bacaan yang ingin dimiliki. Di antara perkara yang perlu dititikberatkan ialah - mengenali penulisnya terlebih dahulu.
Ini kerana terdapat sebahagian buku bacaan dalam bidang yang berkaitan ilmu-ilmu Islam ditulis oleh penulis yang tidak diketahui latar belakangnya malah sejauh mana penguasaannya dalam aspek yang ditulisnya itu.
Terdapat sebahagian buku yang langsung tidak diketahui identiti sebenar penulisnya. Ini amat menyedihkan kerana pembaca bukan sekadar tidak tahu latar belakangnya malah nama penuhnya juga tidak dinyatakan.
Sebahagian buku pula menyatakan penulisnya dengan nama penuh tetapi tidak dapat dikenal pasti pula apakah latar belakang pengajian penulis dengan lebih lanjut. Ini juga sedikit sebanyak menimbulkan kerisauan apakah penulisan itu penulisan yang diyakini datang dari penulis yang mengetahui atau tidak.
Manakala buku-buku agama yang lain pula kita dapati ditulis oleh mereka yang diketahui latar belakangnya. Buku-buku sebegini pula boleh kita bahagikan kepada 2 bahagian:
1-Penulis yang mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan agama yang melayakkan dirinya menulis tentang agama.
2- Penulis yang mempunyai latar belakang yang tidak berkaitan dengan ilmu-ilmu Islam.
Saya tidaklah ingin menasihatkan pembaca supaya 'jangan membaca' buku daripada penulis bahagian kedua iaitu yang tidak ada latar belakang ilmu Islam, tetapi nasihat saya ialah - berhati-hati dan buatlah perbandingan dengan buku lain. Mengapa saya nasihatkan demikian? Kerana beberapa sebab:
Pertama, penulis yang tidak ada latar belakang khusus berkaitan agama sebenarnya terdedah kepada pelbagai kesilapan kerana tidak ada gambaran umum tentang apa yang ditulisnya. Malah terkadang kita dapati penulis sebegini akan banyak membuat salinan dan memindahkan maklumat daripada buku-buku lain. Maka dalam hal ini, penulis ibarat penyusun semata-mata.
Kedua, terbukti dalam sebahagian daripada buku yang saya temui ditulis oleh mereka yang tidak ada latar belakang pengajian agama secara khusus - mereka melakukan kesilapan dalam mengetengahkan fakta. Kesilapan yang dilakukan berpunca - antaranya ialah - kerana menggunakan buku terjemahan disebabkan mereka tidak mampu merujuk buku rujukan asal yang dicetak dalam Bahasa Arab, membuat rujukan yang terhad kepada satu atau dua buku semata-mata dan lain-lain sebab.
Saya akhiri dengan satu pernyataan mudah untuk difahami oleh sesiapa sahaja -
"kalaulah seorang yang mempunyai pengkhususan dalam bidang agama pun BERKEMUNGKINAN melakukan kesilapan dalam penulisan, apatah lagi mereka yang TIDAK ada kelulusan khusus....bayangkan pula mereka yang langsung TIDAK DIKENALI".
Maka berhati-hatilah dalam memilih bahan bacaan berkaitan ilmu-ilmu Islam.
Selamat membaca.
Ini kerana terdapat sebahagian buku bacaan dalam bidang yang berkaitan ilmu-ilmu Islam ditulis oleh penulis yang tidak diketahui latar belakangnya malah sejauh mana penguasaannya dalam aspek yang ditulisnya itu.
Terdapat sebahagian buku yang langsung tidak diketahui identiti sebenar penulisnya. Ini amat menyedihkan kerana pembaca bukan sekadar tidak tahu latar belakangnya malah nama penuhnya juga tidak dinyatakan.
Sebahagian buku pula menyatakan penulisnya dengan nama penuh tetapi tidak dapat dikenal pasti pula apakah latar belakang pengajian penulis dengan lebih lanjut. Ini juga sedikit sebanyak menimbulkan kerisauan apakah penulisan itu penulisan yang diyakini datang dari penulis yang mengetahui atau tidak.
Manakala buku-buku agama yang lain pula kita dapati ditulis oleh mereka yang diketahui latar belakangnya. Buku-buku sebegini pula boleh kita bahagikan kepada 2 bahagian:
1-Penulis yang mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan agama yang melayakkan dirinya menulis tentang agama.
2- Penulis yang mempunyai latar belakang yang tidak berkaitan dengan ilmu-ilmu Islam.
Saya tidaklah ingin menasihatkan pembaca supaya 'jangan membaca' buku daripada penulis bahagian kedua iaitu yang tidak ada latar belakang ilmu Islam, tetapi nasihat saya ialah - berhati-hati dan buatlah perbandingan dengan buku lain. Mengapa saya nasihatkan demikian? Kerana beberapa sebab:
Pertama, penulis yang tidak ada latar belakang khusus berkaitan agama sebenarnya terdedah kepada pelbagai kesilapan kerana tidak ada gambaran umum tentang apa yang ditulisnya. Malah terkadang kita dapati penulis sebegini akan banyak membuat salinan dan memindahkan maklumat daripada buku-buku lain. Maka dalam hal ini, penulis ibarat penyusun semata-mata.
Kedua, terbukti dalam sebahagian daripada buku yang saya temui ditulis oleh mereka yang tidak ada latar belakang pengajian agama secara khusus - mereka melakukan kesilapan dalam mengetengahkan fakta. Kesilapan yang dilakukan berpunca - antaranya ialah - kerana menggunakan buku terjemahan disebabkan mereka tidak mampu merujuk buku rujukan asal yang dicetak dalam Bahasa Arab, membuat rujukan yang terhad kepada satu atau dua buku semata-mata dan lain-lain sebab.
Saya akhiri dengan satu pernyataan mudah untuk difahami oleh sesiapa sahaja -
"kalaulah seorang yang mempunyai pengkhususan dalam bidang agama pun BERKEMUNGKINAN melakukan kesilapan dalam penulisan, apatah lagi mereka yang TIDAK ada kelulusan khusus....bayangkan pula mereka yang langsung TIDAK DIKENALI".
Maka berhati-hatilah dalam memilih bahan bacaan berkaitan ilmu-ilmu Islam.
Selamat membaca.
Tuesday, December 07, 2010
Buku Terbaru - 10 Tonggak Remaja Hebat
Saturday, November 27, 2010
KALAU BETUL ANDA GENG SUNNAH, HADITH, TAJDID....
Al kisahnya terdapat sekumpulan yang sentiasa mewar-warkan mereka ialah 'geng sunnah, salafi, pro sunnah, geng hadith, tajdid dll'. Jumlahnya tidak ramai pun. Saya sebagai seorang kenalan ingin menasihati dan memberi saranan kepada mereka - disebabkan mereka tidak habis-habis menggelarkan diri sebagai pendokong sunnah atau hadith - semoga mereka mendengar.
Saranan saya ialah -
KALAU BETUL-BETUL MENGAKU MEMBELA SUNNAH DAN HADITH....
1-tumpukan kepada mempelajari ilmu asas hadith terlebih dahulu - sama ada dinamakan Mustolah Hadith, Usul Hadith dan sebagainya - agar dapat memahami dengan lebih jelas. Jangan terus melompat tetapi gunakan tangga-tangga ilmu dalam bidang ini.
2-pelajari Bahasa Arab sedikit demi sedikit kerana kelemahan penguasaan Bahasa Arab akan menjejaskan penguasaan ilmu hadith. Pedulikan saranan mereka yang berkata 'tak perlu belajar arab pun tak apa sebab buku hadith dah banyak diterjemah' dan saranan ini berlegar dalam sebahagian bergelar geng sunnah ini. Hakikat pahit yang anda geng sunnah perlu akui ialah Bahasa Arab merupakan asas utama ilmu Islam termasuk ilmu hadith.
3-sertai kuliah pengajian hadith secara berguru semampu mungkin. Tak banyak pun tak apa tapi ada. Jangan hanya asyik di depan pc kemudian sibuk memberi ulasan tentang hadith. Asyik sangat berforum tentang ilmu-ilmu Islam sedangkan ilmu tidak dicari dan dipelajari secara formal. Hadith 40 pun tak pernah habis dibaca..apatahlagi Sahih Bukhari yang mengandungi beribu hadith - tetapi nampaknya begitu berani dan kedepan dalam menjawab persoalan hadith? Usah berbangga dengan kecanggihan software tertentu seperti Maktabah Syamilah dan lain-lain. Pengajian tradisi berguru dalam bidang hadith perlu diteruskan untuk mendapat ilmu dan juga adab.
4-jangan hanya taksub kepada seorang dua ulama, seorang dua ustaz, seorang dua guru. Itulah sebab yang menjadikan pemikiran sebahagian geng sunnah ini begitu tertutup. Akhirnya kebenaran hanyalah mereka...merekalah yang tahu tentang sunnah. Sedangkan ramai lagi orang yang mereka gelarkan 'tidak sunnah' lebih faham tentang hadith, lebih banyak mengaji dan belajar dengan ulama, lebih banyak himpunan sanad perguruan hadith, lebih beradab, lebih tahu dan lebih pandai. Adakah geng sunnah hanya ada dua tiga orang guru? Patutlah ilmunya kurang.
kalau anda siang malam pagi petang menghebohkan anda ialah geng sunnah...tapi tak buat 4 perkara di atas....
Pergi tidur lagi baik...ramai lagi orang yang bersusah payah menuntut ilmu tapi tidak 'sepening' anda.
Saranan saya ialah -
KALAU BETUL-BETUL MENGAKU MEMBELA SUNNAH DAN HADITH....
1-tumpukan kepada mempelajari ilmu asas hadith terlebih dahulu - sama ada dinamakan Mustolah Hadith, Usul Hadith dan sebagainya - agar dapat memahami dengan lebih jelas. Jangan terus melompat tetapi gunakan tangga-tangga ilmu dalam bidang ini.
2-pelajari Bahasa Arab sedikit demi sedikit kerana kelemahan penguasaan Bahasa Arab akan menjejaskan penguasaan ilmu hadith. Pedulikan saranan mereka yang berkata 'tak perlu belajar arab pun tak apa sebab buku hadith dah banyak diterjemah' dan saranan ini berlegar dalam sebahagian bergelar geng sunnah ini. Hakikat pahit yang anda geng sunnah perlu akui ialah Bahasa Arab merupakan asas utama ilmu Islam termasuk ilmu hadith.
3-sertai kuliah pengajian hadith secara berguru semampu mungkin. Tak banyak pun tak apa tapi ada. Jangan hanya asyik di depan pc kemudian sibuk memberi ulasan tentang hadith. Asyik sangat berforum tentang ilmu-ilmu Islam sedangkan ilmu tidak dicari dan dipelajari secara formal. Hadith 40 pun tak pernah habis dibaca..apatahlagi Sahih Bukhari yang mengandungi beribu hadith - tetapi nampaknya begitu berani dan kedepan dalam menjawab persoalan hadith? Usah berbangga dengan kecanggihan software tertentu seperti Maktabah Syamilah dan lain-lain. Pengajian tradisi berguru dalam bidang hadith perlu diteruskan untuk mendapat ilmu dan juga adab.
4-jangan hanya taksub kepada seorang dua ulama, seorang dua ustaz, seorang dua guru. Itulah sebab yang menjadikan pemikiran sebahagian geng sunnah ini begitu tertutup. Akhirnya kebenaran hanyalah mereka...merekalah yang tahu tentang sunnah. Sedangkan ramai lagi orang yang mereka gelarkan 'tidak sunnah' lebih faham tentang hadith, lebih banyak mengaji dan belajar dengan ulama, lebih banyak himpunan sanad perguruan hadith, lebih beradab, lebih tahu dan lebih pandai. Adakah geng sunnah hanya ada dua tiga orang guru? Patutlah ilmunya kurang.
kalau anda siang malam pagi petang menghebohkan anda ialah geng sunnah...tapi tak buat 4 perkara di atas....
Pergi tidur lagi baik...ramai lagi orang yang bersusah payah menuntut ilmu tapi tidak 'sepening' anda.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Semuanya Salah Engkau..Bukan Aku!

Penyakit ini diharap tidak berjangkit kepada saya dan anda. Kerana kalau berjangkit, susah diubati. Tujuan orang yang sebegini bukan mencari kebenaran, tapi membuktikan dia sahaja yang benar. Orang tu salah, orang ini salah..orang itu tak betul..orang ini tak betul...
Dinafikan kebaikan orang...
Diwar-warkan kebaikan sendiri...
Tidak belajar dari yang muda..
Menghentam yang tua...
Angan-angan tinggi tapi usaha tiada...
Bercakap soal keterbukaan tapi tertutup...
Kalau kita memujinya, kita lah sahabatnya...
Kalau kita menegurnya, kita dipanggil 'ustaz tak ada manhaj'
Hujahnya menolak ilmuan ialah dengan label 'tak salafi'
Hujahnya menolak perbincangan ialah 'orang tu tak belajar hadith'
Hujahnya menolak pandangan berbeza 'orang itu liberal'
Mengajak umat bersatu, tapi rakan taulannya dikutuk dan dilabel
Memuji kerana inginkan sesuatu
Mengeji juga kerana inginkan sesuatu
Kerjanya bukan menyebar ilmu, tapi mengulas isu
Kalau orang berdakwah, semuanya 'tak aula'
Kalau orang berfalsafah, semuanya 'tak ada faedah'
kalau orang bercakap tentang tarbiah, dilabelnya 'putus cinta'
Orang lain semua kena dengar cakap 'presiden'?
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Majlis Ilmu 'Umur Aisyah Semasa Berkahwin'
Tajuk: UMUR AISYAH SEMASA BERKAHWIN - MEMPERTAHANKAN HADITH SAHIH
Oleh : Adlan Abd. Aziz
Tarikh: Rabu, 24 Nov 2010
Masa: 8.30 mlm
Tempat: IS Hall, No. 1-5-2, Wisma Prima Peninsula, Jln Setiawangsa 11, Taman Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur(Atas Saba Islamic Media)
Oleh : Adlan Abd. Aziz
Tarikh: Rabu, 24 Nov 2010
Masa: 8.30 mlm
Tempat: IS Hall, No. 1-5-2, Wisma Prima Peninsula, Jln Setiawangsa 11, Taman Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur(Atas Saba Islamic Media)
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
Saturday, November 13, 2010
Siapa Anda Untuk Nasihat Saya?
Mengukur kebenaran bukan dengan menggunakan kedudukan atau pengaruh. Biasa sahaja orang yang 'nobody' itu benar dan orang yang 'somebody' itu salah. Kebenaran diukur dengan bukti...dengan hujah...kalau saya benar, saya buktikan dan kalau saya salah, buktikan saya salah...dengan penuh jujur dan berfakta. Itu sepatutnya. Tetapi...
Saya masih ingat bagaimana saya menegur atau menasihat seorang yang dilihat sebagai 'somebody' oleh penyokongnya dalam dakwah. Tetapi malangnya penasihatnya menuturkan kata keramat:
SIAPA ANDA (NOBODY) UNTUK NASIHAT DIA (SOMEBODY)?
atau dalam kata bahasa utara yang penuh dengan emosi:
HANG SAPA NAK NASIHAT ORANG?
Masa berlalu...akhirnya tiba masa 'somebody' itu pula menegur seseorang yang nyata jauh lebih berpengaruh daripada beliau. Pengikut-pengikut setia tokoh yang lebih besar itu menuturkan pelbagai reaksi...tetapi reaksi-reaksi itu boleh saya ringkaskan dengan kata penuh semangat:
HANG SAPA NAK NASIHAT ORANG YANG LAGI BESAQ DARI HANG?
SIAPA ANDA UNTUK NASIHAT SESEORANG YANG LEBIH HEBAT?
Saya amat berharap 'somebody' itu merasai apa yang pernah saya dan sahabat-sahabat (atau bekas sahabat2) beliau rasai kerana kesalahan menegur atau menasihat beliau ...semata-mata kerana kami ialah 'nobody compared to him'...
Sometimes, you keep on critizing people for their mistakes...but the fact is :
YOU ARE DOING THE SAME MISTAKES!
And that advice is for me and for you...for those who think!
Saya masih ingat bagaimana saya menegur atau menasihat seorang yang dilihat sebagai 'somebody' oleh penyokongnya dalam dakwah. Tetapi malangnya penasihatnya menuturkan kata keramat:
SIAPA ANDA (NOBODY) UNTUK NASIHAT DIA (SOMEBODY)?
atau dalam kata bahasa utara yang penuh dengan emosi:
HANG SAPA NAK NASIHAT ORANG?
Masa berlalu...akhirnya tiba masa 'somebody' itu pula menegur seseorang yang nyata jauh lebih berpengaruh daripada beliau. Pengikut-pengikut setia tokoh yang lebih besar itu menuturkan pelbagai reaksi...tetapi reaksi-reaksi itu boleh saya ringkaskan dengan kata penuh semangat:
HANG SAPA NAK NASIHAT ORANG YANG LAGI BESAQ DARI HANG?
SIAPA ANDA UNTUK NASIHAT SESEORANG YANG LEBIH HEBAT?
Saya amat berharap 'somebody' itu merasai apa yang pernah saya dan sahabat-sahabat (atau bekas sahabat2) beliau rasai kerana kesalahan menegur atau menasihat beliau ...semata-mata kerana kami ialah 'nobody compared to him'...
Sometimes, you keep on critizing people for their mistakes...but the fact is :
YOU ARE DOING THE SAME MISTAKES!
And that advice is for me and for you...for those who think!
Friday, November 12, 2010
'MUDAH SANGAT' PERCAYA YANG PELIK
CERITA PELIK MEMANG BANYAK
Kita semua tahu bahawa terdapat pelbagai cerita dan kisah ajaib serta pelik yang ada dalam pelbagai sumber media. Saya tidak hairan sangat ia ditonjolkan kerana kita semua tahu media yang melakukan begitu bukanlah bertujuan untuk menyampaikan cerita tetapi lebih kepada 'menjual' cerita.
Orang perseorangan juga mempunyai pelbagai tujuan bila terbit dari mulutnya kisah-kisah sebegini. Ada yang ingin membuktikan sesuatu kelebihan pada dirinya, ada juga yang bertujuan 'menginsafkan' atau 'menakutkan' pihak tertentu dan ada pula yang sememangnya suka bercerita bagi menghiburkan hati duka.
Apatahlagi dalam bentuk video, segalanya mungkin jadi kenyataan. Terdapat pelbagai penipuan visual yang menjadikan kita terkejut kemudian ketawa ada di mana-mana. Kecanggihan teknologi boleh menukarkan sebuah kereta menjadi robot yang menari !
KALAU KANAK-KANAK YANG PERCAYA, MUNGKIN OK
Saya tidaklah begitu ambil kisah jika kanak-kanak yang percaya semua cerita ajaib dan pelik ini. Maklumlah kita sebagai kanak-kanak dulu juga amat suka perkara ajaib. Saya dan abang menghabiskan masa berjam-jam mencari buku-buku 'unsolved mysteries' seperti ufo, loch ness monster, bigfoot/yeti/sasquatch, cottingley fairies, shc dan sebagainya. Daripada kisah pertembungan ufo di roswell sehinggalah kepada alien autopsy dan juga kisah hantu-hantu malaysia yang mempunyai pelbagai versi dan bentuk - sampai sahabat saya bercerita dia nampak hantu ada lampu kat dada - macam ultraman!
BELAJAR TINGGI-TINGGI TAPI...
Tapi apa yang paling menghairankan - sepatutnya tidak berlaku - ialah masyarakat kita yang belajar di universiti sehingga ke luar negara atau ke peringkat yang tinggi dalam akademik - begitu mudah percaya kisah-kisah sebegini. Dan kehairanan ini bukan pada 'mempercayai' semata-mata tetapi pada:
mempercayai tanpa bukti yang boleh diterima oleh ilmu dan akal.
Ini yang membingungkan saya apabila kisah-kisah mistik - hantu jembalang, ilmu kebal, batin, sehinggalah kepada bigfoot atau ufo - begitu mudah dipercayai tanpa ada sebarang kajian, penyelidikan atau paling kurang satu pemikiran yang serius.
UNEXPLAINABLE - TAK SEMESTINYA AJAIB
Mungkin ada kisah-kisah itu yang tak dapat dijelaskan - unexplainable - tapi adakah 'unexplainable' terus dikatakan benar? Masa ke semasa kita bertembung dengan pelbagai jenis manusia yang dilihat begitu bijak dalam aspek-aspek ilmiah tetapi apabila bertemu dengan kisah-kisah ajaib, nampaknya dia tidak menggunakan kebijaksanaan tadi untuk memikirkan dan mengkaji.
CONTOHNYA..
Saya pernah bertemu dengan orang yang terlalu percaya kepada 'pembedahan batin' iaitu pembedahan tanpa menggunakan kepakaran perubatan dan kelayakan, tapi boleh membuat pembedahan malah tanpa ubat bius dan sebarang bantuan! Apabila saya katakan kepadanya 'penatlah doktor-doktor belajar bertahun-tahun untuk mahir dalam pembedahan...sedangkan orang ini tanpa apa-apa sijil boleh operate badan orang...tanpa ubat!'. Apa jawab orang yang memiliki ijazah ini? Katanya 'mungkin dia ada ilmu yang Allah berikan padanya?'. Saya sekali lagi bingung.
Juga saya pernah bertemu dengan orang yang terlalu percaya bahawa 'wrestling' itu benar semuanya. Saya katakan kepadanya gusti ni semuanya 'scripted'. Dia kata 'eh kan diorang luka, sakit, merah badannya kena pukul?'. Malang sungguh dia tidak dapat beza antara 'scripted' dan 'fake'.
Apabila 'the masked magician' mendedahkan pelbagai tipu daya ahli silap mata terkemuka dunia dalam melakukan ilusi, rupanya ada yang terkejut dan salah seorangnya pernah berkata di depan saya 'aku ingatkan betul2...rupanya tipu'. Aduh...begitulah kita.
TAK HABIS-HABIS CERITA 'ORANG' NAMPAK 'HANTU'
Pelajar-pelajar sekolah saya sering membawa cerita 'saya nampak hantu' atau 'saya jumpa orang yang nampak hantu' atau 'saya dengar cerita ada orang kata dia jumpa orang nampak hantu'. Ini tak pelik. Tetapi yang memenatkan kita ialah orang dewasa yang cukup sempurna pancainderanya dan ilmunya....membawa kisah sebegini. Rupa-rupanya bukan dia yang nampak...tapi 'saya rasa saya nampak'. Itu masih boleh difahami. Tapi kadang-kadang bercerita bagai nak rak, rupanya 'saya jumpa orang yang rasa dia nampak'. Letih!
Ingat lagi cerita bomoh dalam 'nasib do re mi'?? Boleh download di youtube untuk sama-sama difikirkan....
Kita semua tahu bahawa terdapat pelbagai cerita dan kisah ajaib serta pelik yang ada dalam pelbagai sumber media. Saya tidak hairan sangat ia ditonjolkan kerana kita semua tahu media yang melakukan begitu bukanlah bertujuan untuk menyampaikan cerita tetapi lebih kepada 'menjual' cerita.
Orang perseorangan juga mempunyai pelbagai tujuan bila terbit dari mulutnya kisah-kisah sebegini. Ada yang ingin membuktikan sesuatu kelebihan pada dirinya, ada juga yang bertujuan 'menginsafkan' atau 'menakutkan' pihak tertentu dan ada pula yang sememangnya suka bercerita bagi menghiburkan hati duka.
Apatahlagi dalam bentuk video, segalanya mungkin jadi kenyataan. Terdapat pelbagai penipuan visual yang menjadikan kita terkejut kemudian ketawa ada di mana-mana. Kecanggihan teknologi boleh menukarkan sebuah kereta menjadi robot yang menari !
KALAU KANAK-KANAK YANG PERCAYA, MUNGKIN OK
Saya tidaklah begitu ambil kisah jika kanak-kanak yang percaya semua cerita ajaib dan pelik ini. Maklumlah kita sebagai kanak-kanak dulu juga amat suka perkara ajaib. Saya dan abang menghabiskan masa berjam-jam mencari buku-buku 'unsolved mysteries' seperti ufo, loch ness monster, bigfoot/yeti/sasquatch, cottingley fairies, shc dan sebagainya. Daripada kisah pertembungan ufo di roswell sehinggalah kepada alien autopsy dan juga kisah hantu-hantu malaysia yang mempunyai pelbagai versi dan bentuk - sampai sahabat saya bercerita dia nampak hantu ada lampu kat dada - macam ultraman!
BELAJAR TINGGI-TINGGI TAPI...
Tapi apa yang paling menghairankan - sepatutnya tidak berlaku - ialah masyarakat kita yang belajar di universiti sehingga ke luar negara atau ke peringkat yang tinggi dalam akademik - begitu mudah percaya kisah-kisah sebegini. Dan kehairanan ini bukan pada 'mempercayai' semata-mata tetapi pada:
mempercayai tanpa bukti yang boleh diterima oleh ilmu dan akal.
Ini yang membingungkan saya apabila kisah-kisah mistik - hantu jembalang, ilmu kebal, batin, sehinggalah kepada bigfoot atau ufo - begitu mudah dipercayai tanpa ada sebarang kajian, penyelidikan atau paling kurang satu pemikiran yang serius.
UNEXPLAINABLE - TAK SEMESTINYA AJAIB
Mungkin ada kisah-kisah itu yang tak dapat dijelaskan - unexplainable - tapi adakah 'unexplainable' terus dikatakan benar? Masa ke semasa kita bertembung dengan pelbagai jenis manusia yang dilihat begitu bijak dalam aspek-aspek ilmiah tetapi apabila bertemu dengan kisah-kisah ajaib, nampaknya dia tidak menggunakan kebijaksanaan tadi untuk memikirkan dan mengkaji.
CONTOHNYA..
Saya pernah bertemu dengan orang yang terlalu percaya kepada 'pembedahan batin' iaitu pembedahan tanpa menggunakan kepakaran perubatan dan kelayakan, tapi boleh membuat pembedahan malah tanpa ubat bius dan sebarang bantuan! Apabila saya katakan kepadanya 'penatlah doktor-doktor belajar bertahun-tahun untuk mahir dalam pembedahan...sedangkan orang ini tanpa apa-apa sijil boleh operate badan orang...tanpa ubat!'. Apa jawab orang yang memiliki ijazah ini? Katanya 'mungkin dia ada ilmu yang Allah berikan padanya?'. Saya sekali lagi bingung.
Juga saya pernah bertemu dengan orang yang terlalu percaya bahawa 'wrestling' itu benar semuanya. Saya katakan kepadanya gusti ni semuanya 'scripted'. Dia kata 'eh kan diorang luka, sakit, merah badannya kena pukul?'. Malang sungguh dia tidak dapat beza antara 'scripted' dan 'fake'.
Apabila 'the masked magician' mendedahkan pelbagai tipu daya ahli silap mata terkemuka dunia dalam melakukan ilusi, rupanya ada yang terkejut dan salah seorangnya pernah berkata di depan saya 'aku ingatkan betul2...rupanya tipu'. Aduh...begitulah kita.
TAK HABIS-HABIS CERITA 'ORANG' NAMPAK 'HANTU'
Pelajar-pelajar sekolah saya sering membawa cerita 'saya nampak hantu' atau 'saya jumpa orang yang nampak hantu' atau 'saya dengar cerita ada orang kata dia jumpa orang nampak hantu'. Ini tak pelik. Tetapi yang memenatkan kita ialah orang dewasa yang cukup sempurna pancainderanya dan ilmunya....membawa kisah sebegini. Rupa-rupanya bukan dia yang nampak...tapi 'saya rasa saya nampak'. Itu masih boleh difahami. Tapi kadang-kadang bercerita bagai nak rak, rupanya 'saya jumpa orang yang rasa dia nampak'. Letih!
Ingat lagi cerita bomoh dalam 'nasib do re mi'?? Boleh download di youtube untuk sama-sama difikirkan....
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
BAHAYA ANTI MAZHAB - UST. AIZAM MAS'OD
Tulisan ilmiah yang amat baik daripada sahabat dan juga 'senior' saya di Jordan iaitu Ust. Aizam Mas'od, berjawatan penyelidik di JAKIM. Jom Baca!
klik di sini
klik di sini
Friday, October 22, 2010
HOW TO DISAGREE WITH ANOTHER
Sebuah artikel daripada Dr.Salman al-Oadah - islamtoday.com
It is customary for researchers and essay writers to summarize their conclusions at the end of their writings. We are going to do just the opposite. We are going to start off by mentioning the conclusion that so many of us have arrived at after long years of bitter experience. This conclusion has been so aptly put in the following lines of Arabic verse:
Of all the faiths found on the Earth that I’ve endeavored to know;
Through all the lands in the East and West I’ve wandered to and fro;
And never have I seen a faith like Islam for unity,
Nor seen a people like the Muslims for strife and enmity.
Does any other nation on the Earth have such a rich heritage as ours? We have the Qur’ân, the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace be upon him), and our long and glorious history, all of which clearly guides us to the importance of unity and solidarity. Unity is a principle of our faith. Allah demands it of us. The Prophet (peace be upon him) called us to it repeatedly. The history of the Companions and the Successors attests to its importance and gives us practical examples of how it can be achieved.
When we look at the state of the Muslims today, however, we see a lot of discord. We hear a lot of wrangling and dispute over all sorts of issues, some of which are barely intelligible.
In spite of this, we all seem to be able to speak quite levelly about the etiquettes of disagreement in Islam. We can present the most beautiful theories couched in the most eloquent of verbiage. However, it seems that few of us are able to put these ideas into practice. Many of us expect others to exhibit proper etiquette when they disagree with us but fail to exhibit it ourselves when we disagree with them.
We need to study the etiquettes of disagreement in earnest. It needs to be taught in our schools and colleges and in our mosques. Our youth should be given practical training in debate so that these etiquettes can become their habit and even an aspect of their piety.
Yes, exhibiting such etiquettes is an act of devotion, since by doing so we obey Allah and put the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace be upon him) into practice. By using these etiquettes, we can make them our habit. Once they are properly instilled in us and in our children, it will not be difficult to observe them at all times.
This is something that we all need to do. The ruler needs these etiquettes so he can uphold the rights of the governed, even those among them who disagree with him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) upheld the rights of all people of Madinah who were under his authority, even those of the Jews and the hypocrites who were against him. He was unquestionably patient and forbearing with his followers. His example was emulated by his Companions after his death. We have a good example of this in `Alî b. Abî Tâlib who, when the Khârijîs rose up against him bringing ruin to the nascent Muslim state, still described them as: “our brothers who have transgressed against us” and refused to declare them heretics. He continued to honor their rights as long as they refrained from taking up arms against others.
The scholar needs to observe the etiquettes of disagreement so he can uphold the rights of his students, do justice to them, and treat all their questions and concerns in a respectful manner. He needs to open his heart to them and prepare them so that they can bear their future responsibilities. He should not intimidate them into submission to his views, but make them strong, independent, and dignified.
Parents need to observe these etiquettes in their dealings with their children. They need to maintain a relationship of love and affection even when their children disagree with them. They must realize that the children of today will be the adults of tomorrow. Children cannot be a mere reflection of their parents. Each child is a unique individual. Children have their own thoughts and ideas.
When we discuss the etiquettes of disagreement, we must also talk about the means of managing the disagreements that inevitably develop between us. We live in an era of openness. The barriers that once held us back are gone. Our situation reminds me of the story of Bishr b. Marwan when he lost one of his hunting falcons in Madinah and ordered that all of the gates to the city be closed, forgetting that the falcon could easy fly away. Likewise, we live in the Space Age with the Internet and other means of communication at our disposal. Governments have realized that they can no longer rely upon censorship and coercion and that the only solution left to them is to get down among the people and address the issues with facts.
Public discourse today is full of contradictions. Opinions are spreading and being circulated to an unprecedented degree. In such an atmosphere, it is not appropriate to simply dismiss the ideas of others as foolish, no matter how shallow their arguments seem to us. We must lend them a respectful ear and respond to their ideas with ours. We must bring the appropriate medicine to treat the diseases that we encounter if we wish to cure the maladies that afflict us.
The Internet has become an arena for open dialogue. In the Arabic language alone, there are now countless forums for the interchange of ideas. Unfortunately, the Internet is showing us just how ill equipped we are to discuss things with one another. It has made us see that we do not realize how broad a spectrum of thought Islam tolerates with respect to matters of religion and matters of public concern. It is also showing us our ignorance about the extent to which all Muslims actually agree and the extent to which we are allowed to disagree. These shortcomings on our part have had many negative consequences for Islamic discourse over the Internet, including but not limited to the following:
1. There is the idea that if you are not with us then you are against us. If I find that there is just a small point of disagreement between us – that you are not with me 100% - then I want to have nothing to do with you.
2. We have a problem drawing the line between the topic under discussion and the person with whom we are discussing it. Discussions about a particular point of contention often escalate into personal attacks on the people involved with accusations being thrown about regarding their integrity and their personal lives. Many forums on the Internet have been reduced to venues for slander, character defamation, and scandal.
3. The tone of many of our discussions is wrong. Inappropriate language abounds. Curses and vulgarities have replaced civil discourse. Many great scholars, like al-Ghazâlî, al-Shâtibî, and Ibn Taymiyah, have pointed out that if arguments were won with the loudest voice and the harshest words, then fools would be the best debaters. Arguments are best won by presenting evidence with respect and sobriety. As we all know, an empty truck is always more noisy and rackety on the road than one that is full of goods.
4. There is too much hyperbole on the Internet. We are prone to making exaggerated claims to support our points of view. How many times during a debate does someone claim that a superb and definitive article has been written on the matter of discussion that has put the case to rest? When and if we manage to get hold of the article, we find that, instead of it being a work of substance and probity supported by evidence, it is a vacuous paper full of vindictives directed at those who disagree with the author. It is unfortunate that so many people seem to consider this a sign of the paper’s strength.
5. There is a lot of self-centeredness in our discussions. We have all heard someone say: “I do not tell you anything but what I know and I only guide you to what is right.” Many people are so full of their own opinions that they can accommodate nothing else. It does not matter that what they hold true is merely a viewpoint and not an indisputable tenet of faith clearly stated in the Qur’ân and Sunnah.
6. Too many people are convinced of their own infallibility. They refuse to entertain the notion that their ideas just might be wrong and that someone else might just possibly be right.
7. We are plagued with the problems of superficiality and oversimplification. Many matters are complicated and difficult to understand without considerable thought and effort. Many people are quick to assume that such ideas must inherently be false and contrary to the teachings of the Qur’ân and Sunnah. When they find some other idea presented that is simple and easy to digest, they take to it, assuming that it must be the truth. This is the problem we often find with mass media. We hear nothing but blustering and verbosity on so many of the television talk shows that pit people of different ideologies and viewpoints against each other. Here are a few examples of the things people have said on the air about their opponents:
In any case, even when we are defending the indisputable truth against someone who is in manifest error, it is always wise to start our discussions around matters wherein we agree. Look at how Allah in the Qur’ân commands us to address the Jews, Christians, and other unbelievers:
“Say: ‘O People of the Scripture! Let us come to a mutual understanding between us to worship none but Allah, associating nothing with Him at all, and to refrain from taking some among ourselves as lords besides Allah.’ But if they turn away, then say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’” [Sûrah Al `Imrân: 64]
“Say: ‘Who gives you sustenance from the heavens and the Earth?’ Say: “Allah. And indeed it is either we or you who are on manifest error.’” [Sûrah Saba’: 24-25]
When Allah tells us to speak to them of our own actions, He instructs us to say: “You will not be questioned about our crimes.” But when He tells us to speak about our innocence of their actions, we are to use a softer tone and say: “And we will not be questioned about what you do.” Then we are merely to say: “Each of us acts according to his manner, but your Lord knows best who is most rightly guided to the way.” [Sûrah al-Isrâ’: 84]
Composure and gentleness of tone, when accompanied by sound evidence and intelligent arguments, is the best way to refute falsehood and win hearts over to the truth.
In the small global village that the world has become, we find ourselves at a great disadvantage to others. Our incessant and futile bickering amongst ourselves does nothing to alleviate our woes. Our enemies watch us as we tear into one another. What do we expect them to think of us? They can only say: “First, come to some agreement on what you believe and wish to present to the world, then come and talk to us about it.”
Recently, I received some feedback on an article I wrote entitled “Between Myself and Ibn Jibrîn”. I had thought that this article – which discusses matters that are still the source of considerable contention among Islamic workers – would only be of concern to a small number of Muslims and no one else. However, I received letters from perceptive non-Muslim men and women in America who not only understood what I wrote, but who were perceptive enough to read between the lines. Their comments let me know how carefully they considered what I was saying and how well they understood it. Perhaps they understood it better than many of its intended audience.
It is customary for researchers and essay writers to summarize their conclusions at the end of their writings. We are going to do just the opposite. We are going to start off by mentioning the conclusion that so many of us have arrived at after long years of bitter experience. This conclusion has been so aptly put in the following lines of Arabic verse:
Of all the faiths found on the Earth that I’ve endeavored to know;
Through all the lands in the East and West I’ve wandered to and fro;
And never have I seen a faith like Islam for unity,
Nor seen a people like the Muslims for strife and enmity.
Does any other nation on the Earth have such a rich heritage as ours? We have the Qur’ân, the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace be upon him), and our long and glorious history, all of which clearly guides us to the importance of unity and solidarity. Unity is a principle of our faith. Allah demands it of us. The Prophet (peace be upon him) called us to it repeatedly. The history of the Companions and the Successors attests to its importance and gives us practical examples of how it can be achieved.
When we look at the state of the Muslims today, however, we see a lot of discord. We hear a lot of wrangling and dispute over all sorts of issues, some of which are barely intelligible.
In spite of this, we all seem to be able to speak quite levelly about the etiquettes of disagreement in Islam. We can present the most beautiful theories couched in the most eloquent of verbiage. However, it seems that few of us are able to put these ideas into practice. Many of us expect others to exhibit proper etiquette when they disagree with us but fail to exhibit it ourselves when we disagree with them.
We need to study the etiquettes of disagreement in earnest. It needs to be taught in our schools and colleges and in our mosques. Our youth should be given practical training in debate so that these etiquettes can become their habit and even an aspect of their piety.
Yes, exhibiting such etiquettes is an act of devotion, since by doing so we obey Allah and put the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace be upon him) into practice. By using these etiquettes, we can make them our habit. Once they are properly instilled in us and in our children, it will not be difficult to observe them at all times.
This is something that we all need to do. The ruler needs these etiquettes so he can uphold the rights of the governed, even those among them who disagree with him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) upheld the rights of all people of Madinah who were under his authority, even those of the Jews and the hypocrites who were against him. He was unquestionably patient and forbearing with his followers. His example was emulated by his Companions after his death. We have a good example of this in `Alî b. Abî Tâlib who, when the Khârijîs rose up against him bringing ruin to the nascent Muslim state, still described them as: “our brothers who have transgressed against us” and refused to declare them heretics. He continued to honor their rights as long as they refrained from taking up arms against others.
The scholar needs to observe the etiquettes of disagreement so he can uphold the rights of his students, do justice to them, and treat all their questions and concerns in a respectful manner. He needs to open his heart to them and prepare them so that they can bear their future responsibilities. He should not intimidate them into submission to his views, but make them strong, independent, and dignified.
Parents need to observe these etiquettes in their dealings with their children. They need to maintain a relationship of love and affection even when their children disagree with them. They must realize that the children of today will be the adults of tomorrow. Children cannot be a mere reflection of their parents. Each child is a unique individual. Children have their own thoughts and ideas.
When we discuss the etiquettes of disagreement, we must also talk about the means of managing the disagreements that inevitably develop between us. We live in an era of openness. The barriers that once held us back are gone. Our situation reminds me of the story of Bishr b. Marwan when he lost one of his hunting falcons in Madinah and ordered that all of the gates to the city be closed, forgetting that the falcon could easy fly away. Likewise, we live in the Space Age with the Internet and other means of communication at our disposal. Governments have realized that they can no longer rely upon censorship and coercion and that the only solution left to them is to get down among the people and address the issues with facts.
Public discourse today is full of contradictions. Opinions are spreading and being circulated to an unprecedented degree. In such an atmosphere, it is not appropriate to simply dismiss the ideas of others as foolish, no matter how shallow their arguments seem to us. We must lend them a respectful ear and respond to their ideas with ours. We must bring the appropriate medicine to treat the diseases that we encounter if we wish to cure the maladies that afflict us.
The Internet has become an arena for open dialogue. In the Arabic language alone, there are now countless forums for the interchange of ideas. Unfortunately, the Internet is showing us just how ill equipped we are to discuss things with one another. It has made us see that we do not realize how broad a spectrum of thought Islam tolerates with respect to matters of religion and matters of public concern. It is also showing us our ignorance about the extent to which all Muslims actually agree and the extent to which we are allowed to disagree. These shortcomings on our part have had many negative consequences for Islamic discourse over the Internet, including but not limited to the following:
1. There is the idea that if you are not with us then you are against us. If I find that there is just a small point of disagreement between us – that you are not with me 100% - then I want to have nothing to do with you.
2. We have a problem drawing the line between the topic under discussion and the person with whom we are discussing it. Discussions about a particular point of contention often escalate into personal attacks on the people involved with accusations being thrown about regarding their integrity and their personal lives. Many forums on the Internet have been reduced to venues for slander, character defamation, and scandal.
3. The tone of many of our discussions is wrong. Inappropriate language abounds. Curses and vulgarities have replaced civil discourse. Many great scholars, like al-Ghazâlî, al-Shâtibî, and Ibn Taymiyah, have pointed out that if arguments were won with the loudest voice and the harshest words, then fools would be the best debaters. Arguments are best won by presenting evidence with respect and sobriety. As we all know, an empty truck is always more noisy and rackety on the road than one that is full of goods.
4. There is too much hyperbole on the Internet. We are prone to making exaggerated claims to support our points of view. How many times during a debate does someone claim that a superb and definitive article has been written on the matter of discussion that has put the case to rest? When and if we manage to get hold of the article, we find that, instead of it being a work of substance and probity supported by evidence, it is a vacuous paper full of vindictives directed at those who disagree with the author. It is unfortunate that so many people seem to consider this a sign of the paper’s strength.
5. There is a lot of self-centeredness in our discussions. We have all heard someone say: “I do not tell you anything but what I know and I only guide you to what is right.” Many people are so full of their own opinions that they can accommodate nothing else. It does not matter that what they hold true is merely a viewpoint and not an indisputable tenet of faith clearly stated in the Qur’ân and Sunnah.
6. Too many people are convinced of their own infallibility. They refuse to entertain the notion that their ideas just might be wrong and that someone else might just possibly be right.
7. We are plagued with the problems of superficiality and oversimplification. Many matters are complicated and difficult to understand without considerable thought and effort. Many people are quick to assume that such ideas must inherently be false and contrary to the teachings of the Qur’ân and Sunnah. When they find some other idea presented that is simple and easy to digest, they take to it, assuming that it must be the truth. This is the problem we often find with mass media. We hear nothing but blustering and verbosity on so many of the television talk shows that pit people of different ideologies and viewpoints against each other. Here are a few examples of the things people have said on the air about their opponents:
·He has neither dignity with Allah nor with any monotheist on Earth.The topics of debate that inspire such bold statements are usually so theoretical that people cannot be expected to agree about them. However, from statements like these, you would think that they were arguing about some indisputable principle of faith that is clearly set out in the Qur’ân and Sunnah.
·He has died, and surely his new abode is Hell, and what a horrid place it is.
·He has deviant beliefs and a confused understanding.
·He is a hypocrite.
In any case, even when we are defending the indisputable truth against someone who is in manifest error, it is always wise to start our discussions around matters wherein we agree. Look at how Allah in the Qur’ân commands us to address the Jews, Christians, and other unbelievers:
“Say: ‘O People of the Scripture! Let us come to a mutual understanding between us to worship none but Allah, associating nothing with Him at all, and to refrain from taking some among ourselves as lords besides Allah.’ But if they turn away, then say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’” [Sûrah Al `Imrân: 64]
“Say: ‘Who gives you sustenance from the heavens and the Earth?’ Say: “Allah. And indeed it is either we or you who are on manifest error.’” [Sûrah Saba’: 24-25]
When Allah tells us to speak to them of our own actions, He instructs us to say: “You will not be questioned about our crimes.” But when He tells us to speak about our innocence of their actions, we are to use a softer tone and say: “And we will not be questioned about what you do.” Then we are merely to say: “Each of us acts according to his manner, but your Lord knows best who is most rightly guided to the way.” [Sûrah al-Isrâ’: 84]
Composure and gentleness of tone, when accompanied by sound evidence and intelligent arguments, is the best way to refute falsehood and win hearts over to the truth.
In the small global village that the world has become, we find ourselves at a great disadvantage to others. Our incessant and futile bickering amongst ourselves does nothing to alleviate our woes. Our enemies watch us as we tear into one another. What do we expect them to think of us? They can only say: “First, come to some agreement on what you believe and wish to present to the world, then come and talk to us about it.”
Recently, I received some feedback on an article I wrote entitled “Between Myself and Ibn Jibrîn”. I had thought that this article – which discusses matters that are still the source of considerable contention among Islamic workers – would only be of concern to a small number of Muslims and no one else. However, I received letters from perceptive non-Muslim men and women in America who not only understood what I wrote, but who were perceptive enough to read between the lines. Their comments let me know how carefully they considered what I was saying and how well they understood it. Perhaps they understood it better than many of its intended audience.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
AL-QURAN - THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
Tulisan ini diambil daripada buku 'Quran & Science, Compatible or Incompatible' karya Dr.Zakir Abd.Karim Naik, seorang tokoh ilmuan dan pendakwah terkemuka dunia Islam masa kini.
In 1925, American astronomer Edwin Hubble, provided observational evidence that all galaxies are moving away from one another, which implies that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is now an established scientific fact. This is what the Qur’an says regarding the nature of the universe:
“With power and skill did We construct the Firmament:For it is We Who create the vastness of Space.”
[Al-Qur’an 51:47]
The Arabic word musioon is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. One of the greatest astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.” The Qur’an mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build atelescope!
Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the Qur’an is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy. They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of astronomy. However they fail to realize that the Qur’an was revealed centuries before the Arabs excelled in astronomy. Moreover many of the scientific facts mentioned above, such as the origin of the universe with a Big Bang, were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement. The scientific facts mentioned in the Qur’an are therefore not due to the Arabs’ advancement in astronomy. Indeed, the reverse is true: they advanced in astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in the Qur’an.
In 1925, American astronomer Edwin Hubble, provided observational evidence that all galaxies are moving away from one another, which implies that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is now an established scientific fact. This is what the Qur’an says regarding the nature of the universe:
“With power and skill did We construct the Firmament:For it is We Who create the vastness of Space.”
[Al-Qur’an 51:47]
The Arabic word musioon is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. One of the greatest astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.” The Qur’an mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build atelescope!
Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the Qur’an is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy. They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of astronomy. However they fail to realize that the Qur’an was revealed centuries before the Arabs excelled in astronomy. Moreover many of the scientific facts mentioned above, such as the origin of the universe with a Big Bang, were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement. The scientific facts mentioned in the Qur’an are therefore not due to the Arabs’ advancement in astronomy. Indeed, the reverse is true: they advanced in astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in the Qur’an.
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